The Resurgence of Junk Bonds in M&A Financing: A Strategic Opportunity in a Low-Yield World

The resurgence of high-yield bonds as a cornerstone of M&A financing in 2025 reflects a compelling interplay of structural tailwinds and risk-adjusted returns that defy the broader challenges of a low-yield global economy. As central banks pivot toward accommodative policies and investors seek income in an environment of historically low interest rates, the high-yield bond market has emerged as a strategic asset class. This analysis examines the forces driving this revival, the robustness of its fundamentals, and the risks that must be navigated to harness its potential.

Structural Tailwinds: A Confluence of Demand and Supply

The high-yield bond market's resurgence is underpinned by a unique alignment of demand-side incentives and supply-side conditions. Elevated yields remain a primary draw. U.S. high-yield bonds offered a yield-to-worst of 7.5% as of late 2024, compared to 5.33% for investment-grade counterparts, while European high-yield bonds yielded 5.7% versus 3.18% for investment-grade issues. These spreads, historically wide, reflect a market where investors are rewarded for taking on additional credit risk-a critical feature in an era where traditional fixed-income assets offer diminishing returns.

Structural factors further amplify this appeal. Corporate balance sheets in the U.S. and Europe remain resilient, with leverage levels at or below 20-year averages and interest coverage ratios above historical norms. This financial fortitude has enabled companies to pursue aggressive M&A strategies, often financed through high-yield debt.

The first half of 2025 saw $123.9 billion in U.S. high-yield issuance and $77.3 billion in Europe, with June marking a peak in activity. Notably, 69% of U.S. high-yield issuance in H1 2025 consisted of bonds rated double-B-minus or higher, signaling a shift toward higher-quality credits and reducing the sector's overall risk profile.

Regulatory and macroeconomic dynamics also play a role. Central bank easing has spurred refinancing activity, reducing leverage across corporate sectors. In the U.S., prospects for deregulation and tax clarity further bolster the case for high-yield issuance, expanding the investible universe for both issuers and investors. However, the market is not without its shadows. Policy uncertainty under the new U.S. administration-particularly around tariffs and immigration-introduces event risk, which could disrupt deal flows and credit fundamentals.

Risk-Adjusted Returns: A Compelling Case for Income-Seeking Investors

The risk-adjusted returns of high-yield bonds in M&A contexts are particularly striking. As of November 2024, the ICE BofA US High Yield Index returned 2.40% in Q3 2025, contributing to a year-to-date performance of 7.06%. BB, B, and CCC-rated bonds delivered 2.17%, 2.43%, and 3.35% respectively during the same period, underscoring the sector's ability to generate income across credit tiers. The Sharpe ratio for global high-yield bonds has historically outperformed equities, with less volatility and faster recovery periods during downturns.

Default rates remain a critical metric. The U.S. 12-month trailing default rate fell to a 29-month low of 1.14% as of November 2024, while the par-weighted default rate dropped to 0.3% in April 2025. These figures, well below long-term averages, suggest a credit environment where distress is contained. Moreover, the shift toward higher-rated issuers-now accounting for over 50% of the high-yield market-has further insulated the sector from systemic shocks.

Credit spreads have also tightened, enhancing upside potential for income-driven returns. For instance, the U.S. high-yield index's yield-to-worst of 7.29% as of November 2024 reflects a balance between risk and reward that is rare in today's market. This dynamic is supported by strong relative valuations, with high-yield bonds trading at a discount to equities and investment-grade bonds.

Risks and Cautions: Navigating the New Normal

Despite these positives, the high-yield market is not immune to macroeconomic headwinds. Geopolitical tensions, particularly in sectors reliant on international trade, could amplify volatility. The new U.S. administration's policy proposals-ranging from tariffs to immigration reforms-add a layer of uncertainty that may disproportionately affect cross-border deals. Additionally, while dispersion in the market has increased (64% in the U.S. and 71% in Europe as of December 2024), this reflects a growing divergence between high-performing and underperforming credits. Investors must exercise selectivity to avoid overexposure to weaker names.

Conclusion: A Strategic Opportunity in a Low-Yield World

The resurgence of junk bonds in M&A financing represents a strategic opportunity for investors navigating a low-yield world. Elevated yields, strong credit fundamentals, and favorable regulatory conditions create a compelling case for high-yield bonds as both an income generator and a diversifier. However, the path forward requires vigilance. While the sector's resilience is evident, the interplay of policy shifts, geopolitical risks, and credit dispersion demands a nuanced approach. For those willing to navigate these complexities, the high-yield bond market offers a rare combination of yield, liquidity, and growth potential in an otherwise anemic global economy.