UK Expands Nuclear Deterrent With 12 F-35A Jets

The United Kingdom has announced a significant expansion of its nuclear deterrent with the purchase of 12 U.S.-made F-35A fighter jets, capable of carrying nuclear weapons. This move, announced by Prime Minister Keir Starmer during a NATO summit in the Netherlands, marks the biggest strengthening of the UK's nuclear posture in a generation. The F-35A jets are part of NATO’s shared airborne nuclear mission, which involves the use of aircraft that can carry either conventional or nuclear weapons, specifically the US B61-12 gravity bomb.

The UK's decision to join this mission is a notable shift, as it phased out air-dropped atomic weapons in the 1990s following the end of the Cold War. Currently, the UK's nuclear arsenal consists solely of submarine-based missiles. By acquiring these jets, the UK aims to enhance its defense capabilities and contribute more effectively to NATO's collective security. The F-35A jets are known for their stealth capabilities and advanced weaponry, making them a significant addition to the UK's military arsenal.

However, the deployment of these nuclear-capable jets in any military operation would require authorization from NATO’s nuclear planning group, the U.S. president, and the British prime minister. This requirement underscores the interdependent nature of the UK's defense strategy and its reliance on U.S. support for nuclear operations. The need for U.S. approval adds a layer of complexity to the UK's decision-making process, ensuring that any use of these jets is coordinated with its closest ally.

Marion Messmer, from the international security program at the Chatham House think tank, noted that the government had avoided specifying whether U.S. nuclear weapons would be based on British soil, a move that could be controversial. The UK does not currently possess nuclear weapons that could be deployed via these aircraft. Other NATO states participating in this mission also host U.S. nuclear weapons on their territory, which remain entirely under U.S. control.

In addition to the acquisition of F-35A jets, the UK has also announced plans to provide 350 air defense missiles to Ukraine. This support is funded by 70 million pounds ($95 million) raised from interest on seized Russian assets. The announcements come as the UK and other NATO members pledge to increase spending on security to 5% of gross domestic product by 2035. This total includes 3.5% on defense and another 1.5% on broader security and resilience efforts. The UK currently spends 2.3% of national income on defense and aims to increase this to 2.6% by 2027.

This investment in advanced fighter jets and air defense missiles is part of a broader trend within NATO to enhance its defense capabilities in response to evolving global threats. The alliance, with its 32 member countries, is committed to maintaining a strong and unified defense posture. The UK's decision to invest in these advanced fighter jets aligns with this goal, demonstrating its commitment to collective security and its role as a key player within the alliance. This move not only strengthens the UK's military posture but also supports job creation and technological advancements within the defense industry, providing an economic boost through high-skilled job opportunities.