The Strategic Implications of Yellow Terminal Sales on LTL Capacity and M&A Dynamics

The collapse of Yellow Corp. in 2023 and the subsequent $2.4 billion terminal sell-off have reshaped the less-than-truckload (LTL) logistics sector, creating both challenges and opportunities. As competitors absorbed Yellow's infrastructure, companies like Saia, XPO Logistics, and Estes Express Lines emerged as key beneficiaries, leveraging these acquisitions to expand capacity, optimize networks, and drive long-term value. This analysis explores how these carriers are capitalizing on the consolidation wave and identifies investment opportunities in firms poised to thrive in the post-Yellow landscape.

A New Era of LTL Consolidation

Yellow's bankruptcy triggered a seismic shift in the LTL industry, with over 210 terminals sold to rivals. These facilities, strategically located in high-demand corridors like southern California and central Florida, were rapidly reactivated under new ownership, mitigating the initial capacity crunch caused by Yellow's exit. For instance, Saia acquired 31 terminals-adding 147 dock doors-while Estes secured 52 facilities for $490.2 million, propelling its terminal count toward 14,000 by mid-2026, according to a TTNews report. XPO, meanwhile, invested $870 million in 26 terminals, bolstering its presence in the Midwest and Northeast, according to a Tank Transport article.

The ripple effects of these acquisitions have been profound. By integrating Yellow's infrastructure, carriers have not only restored lost capacity but also enhanced regional density and transit times. For example, Saia's Calexico terminal now supports cross-border LTL operations, while Estes' Cincinnati and Chattanooga facilities have become critical nodes in its expanded network, as noted in the TTNews report. These moves underscore a broader trend: the LTL sector is consolidating around firms with the capital and operational expertise to integrate complex assets efficiently.

Saia: Balancing Growth and Cost Pressures

Saia's aggressive terminal acquisitions have positioned it as a top performer in the post-Yellow era. By mid-2025, the company had acquired 31 former Yellow terminals, including high-traffic locations in New York and Florida. However, this growth has come at a cost. Q3 2025 earnings revealed a 0.3% revenue decline and an adjusted operating ratio of 87.6%, up from 85.1% in 2024, driven by rising depreciation and insurance expenses, as reported in the AOL earnings call transcript.

Despite these headwinds, Saia's management remains optimistic. The company is deploying AI-enhanced routing tools to optimize its national network, with newer terminals showing sequential improvements in shipments per workday, according to the AOL earnings call transcript. CFO Matt Batteh acknowledged near-term margin pressures but emphasized long-term gains from denser networks and improved customer retention. Investors should monitor Saia's ability to balance integration costs with operational efficiencies, particularly as it eyes further expansion in 2026.

Estes: Debt-Free Expansion and Strategic Depth

Estes has distinguished itself through a disciplined, debt-free approach to terminal acquisitions. By 2025, the company had added 704 dock doors via 52 Yellow terminals, with plans to surpass 14,000 doors by mid-2026, as noted in the TTNews report. This expansion has been funded entirely by existing reserves and operational cash flow, avoiding the financial strain seen in peers.

The results are tangible. Estes' terminal network now includes large facilities in Cincinnati (216 doors) and Chattanooga (198 doors), enhancing its cross-border and regional capabilities. Additionally, the company added 7,000 trailers in 2024, supporting higher shipment volumes without compromising service quality, according to the Estes news release. With no new debt on the horizon, Estes is well-positioned to capitalize on rising demand while maintaining financial flexibility-a rare advantage in a capital-intensive industry.

XPO Logistics: Efficiency-Driven Growth

XPO's terminal acquisitions have been equally transformative. The company's 2023 purchase of 26 Yellow terminals for $870 million catalyzed a 6.3% year-over-year yield increase in its North American LTL segment, despite a 5.7% tonnage decline, according to the FreightWaves report. By opening 25 new terminals in 2024, XPO reduced transit times and improved labor productivity, contributing to an 86.2% adjusted operating ratio in Q4 2025-a 30-basis-point improvement from 2024, according to the FreightWaves report.

XPO's cost discipline has been a standout factor. Purchased transportation expenses fell by 320 basis points year-over-year, and outsourced miles dropped to 10.7% of total miles, according to the FreightWaves report. These metrics highlight XPO's ability to integrate assets without sacrificing profitability, a critical differentiator in a sector grappling with inflationary pressures.

The Road Ahead: Investment Opportunities

The LTL sector's consolidation phase is far from over. Carriers that successfully integrate Yellow's terminals-while managing cost inflation-will likely outperform peers. Saia, Estes, and XPO each offer compelling narratives:
- Saia's AI-driven network optimization and strategic terminal locations position it for long-term margin recovery.
- Estes's debt-free expansion and operational depth make it a low-risk bet in a volatile market.
- XPO's efficiency gains and disciplined cost management underscore its resilience in a challenging economic environment.

Investors should also watch for secondary benefits, such as improved regional density and cross-border capabilities, which could drive pricing power and customer retention. However, near-term risks-like rising insurance costs and integration delays-remain relevant, particularly for Saia and Estes.

Conclusion

Yellow's terminal sell-off has accelerated a structural shift in the LTL industry, favoring firms with the scale and agility to absorb complex assets. Saia, XPO, and Estes have each demonstrated unique strengths in this new landscape, from Estes' prudent capital structure to XPO's operational efficiency. For investors, the key lies in identifying companies that can balance short-term integration costs with long-term capacity gains-a challenge these carriers appear well-equipped to meet.