Re-Rating Potential in Cyclical Sectors: A Case for Selective Optimism in 2025

The U.S. economy's recent trajectory has sparked renewed interest in cyclical sectors, as improving GDP and employment trends suggest a potential re-rating of equities tied to economic expansion. While the broader macroeconomic backdrop remains cautiously optimistic, selective opportunities emerge in sectors poised to benefit from structural shifts and earnings revisions.

Macroeconomic Catalysts: GDP and Employment Trends

The U.S. economy rebounded sharply in Q2 2025, with real GDP growing at a 3.3% annual rate, driven by robust consumer spending and declining importsMonthly Stock Sector Outlook (2025)^[1]. This follows a 0.5% contraction in Q1, underscoring the resilience of domestic demand. Corporate profits surged by $65.5 billion in Q2, reversing a Q1 decline and signaling stronger cash flows for firms in sectors tied to consumption and manufacturingMonthly Stock Sector Outlook (2025)^[1].

Employment data, however, tells a mixed story. While the unemployment rate is projected to average 4.2% in 2025Monthly Stock Sector Outlook (2025)^[1], job growth has diverged sharply across sectors. Health care and government jobs have driven most employment gains, with monthly additions averaging 234,000 since 2024Monthly Stock Sector Outlook (2025)^[1]. In contrast, cyclical sectors like manufacturing and construction have seen slower hiring, reflecting lingering headwinds from high interest rates and trade policy uncertaintyMonthly Stock Sector Outlook (2025)^[1].

Sector Valuations and Earnings Revisions

Cyclical sectors exhibit divergent valuations and growth prospects. The Industrials sector, with a P/E ratio of 27.91, is expected to see earnings growth accelerate to +16% in 2025, up from +3% in 2024S&P 500: Which Sectors Are Poised for Strong Earnings Growth in …^[4]. This re-rating is fueled by reshoring of supply chains, aging infrastructure (e.g., a 20-year-old U.S. air fleet driving maintenance demandIndustrials sector outlook 2025 | Industrials stocks^[3]), and potential policy tailwinds. Similarly, Energy—trading at a low P/E of 15.03—benefits from sustained high oil prices and a 400-basis-point earnings growth surge since early 2024S&P 500: Which Sectors Are Poised for Strong Earnings Growth in …^[4], making it a compelling value play.

In contrast, the Materials sector faces challenges. Despite a P/E of 24.80, earnings have declined since mid-2022 due to slowing industrial demandP/E Ratio & Earnings by Sector/Industry^[5], and its 25.47 P/E as of September 2025 is considered overvalued relative to its 5-year averageMonthly Stock Sector Outlook (2025)^[1]. Consumer Discretionary, with a P/E of 29.21, reflects robust growth expectations but faces the risk of flattening earnings as interest rates remain elevatedS&P 500: Which Sectors Are Poised for Strong Earnings Growth in …^[4].

Structural Risks and Opportunities

While the re-rating potential in Industrials and Energy is compelling, risks persist. Sustained tariffs and geopolitical tensions could disrupt supply chains, dampening industrial demandMonthly Stock Sector Outlook (2025)^[1]. For Energy, regulatory shifts toward clean energy may pressure long-term valuations, though near-term oil prices remain supportiveS&P 500: Which Sectors Are Poised for Strong Earnings Growth in …^[4].

Investors should also consider the broader demographic headwinds. The Bureau of Labor Statistics projects average annual GDP growth of 1.8% from 2024 to 2034, constrained by an aging population and declining labor force participationS&P 500 CY 2025 Earnings Preview: Analysts Expect Earnings Growth of 15%^[2]. This suggests that highly cyclical sectors reliant on rapid expansion may struggle to sustain re-ratings over the long term.

Conclusion: A Selective Approach

The improving GDP and employment trends in 2025 create a favorable environment for cyclical sectors with strong earnings revisions and structural tailwinds. Industrials and Energy stand out as the most compelling candidates, supported by reshoring, infrastructure needs, and energy market dynamics. However, Materials and Consumer Discretionary require caution due to overvaluation and earnings stagnation.

As Schwab's 2025 sector outlook notes, a “Marketperform” rating remains prudent for most sectorsMonthly Stock Sector Outlook (2025)^[1], but selective exposure to Industrials and Energy could yield outsized returns in a cautiously optimistic macroeconomic climate.