Nvidia Resumes H20 Sales to China After US Approval

Nvidia, a leading producer of artificial intelligence (AI) chips, has been at the center of the geopolitical standoff as semiconductors become increasingly pivotal in the US-China rivalry. The company’s recent reentry into the Chinese market, reportedly with Washington’s approval, has sparked debate about the strategic implications for both nations.

For the US, Nvidia’s continued presence in China may serve as a strategic lever to maintain its dominance in AI. Experts have noted that keeping Chinese firms reliant on US-designed chips and software, especially Nvidia’s widely used CUDA platform, helps cement America’s global leadership. This symbiotic relationship, where China needs US technology more at this moment, is seen as a way to maintain America’s tech leadership.

For China, Nvidia’s return provides a crucial window through which to develop its domestic semiconductor ecosystem further while continuing to build AI capabilities. Earlier this year, the US tightened export restrictions on Nvidia’s H20 chip—a downgraded version of its flagship hardware designed to meet earlier compliance requirements. Washington cited concerns about these chips potentially advancing China’s military or homegrown AI industry. The move forced Nvidia to take a $4.5 billion writedown on unsold inventory and warn of revenue impacts running into the billions. Nvidia CEO Jensen Huang has openly criticized the export curbs, arguing they could accelerate the country’s chip development and undermine America’s tech leadership.

“It would be a tremendous loss for us not to participate in China,” Huang stated, adding that in Nvidia’s absence, domestic players like Huawei would step in to fill the gap. That message appears to have resonated in Washington. Nvidia confirmed last week that it had received US government approval to resume H20 sales to China. While Nvidia is poised to benefit financially, US officials say the move also serves national interests. In an interview, a US official said that they want to keep having the Chinese use the American technology stack because they still rely upon it.

Nvidia’s influence extends beyond hardware. Its CUDA software platform has become a cornerstone for AI developers, forming a sticky ecosystem that competitors find difficult to displace. Reintroducing H20 in China gives US firms breathing room while slowing China’s drive for chip independence. China is Nvidia’s largest market and is home to 50% of AI developers. If that market closes, it becomes harder for Nvidia to reinvest in R&D.

Huawei remains China’s frontrunner in AI chip development, but its hardware still lags behind Nvidia’s top-tier products. Meanwhile, a growing field of Chinese startups is racing to produce viable alternatives. Nvidia’s renewed market access could potentially blunt that momentum. Easier access to Nvidia chips could siphon capital away from domestic projects and delay the maturation of Chinese alternatives. Experts say Nvidia’s lead isn’t just about performance but usability. Chinese developers continue to prefer Nvidia’s ecosystem due to its flexibility and depth.

Still, China’s ambition to reduce reliance on foreign tech remains unchanged. While Nvidia dominates chips used to train large AI models, Chinese firms may find opportunities in inferencing—the process of running trained AI models, such as chatbots and virtual assistants. In chips, China’s opportunity could come when the focus shifts to inference. That’s when demand for lower-cost, efficient processors could scale, and custom chips from Chinese tech companies could step in.

Nvidia’s reentry into China is more than a business decision—it’s a geopolitical calculation. As the AI arms race heats up, both Washington and Beijing are trying to manage a delicate balance between competition and dependence. Whether this détente holds will depend on how fast China can build a viable Nvidia rival—and how long the US is willing to keep the door open.