Measles Outbreaks Loom as Vaccination Rates Decline

Measles, a highly contagious viral infection, poses a significant health risk due to its ease of transmission. The virus spreads through the air when an infected individual coughs, sneezes, or talks, and can remain airborne for up to two hours after the person has left the area. This makes it crucial for individuals to take preventive measures to protect themselves and others from contracting the disease.

The primary method of protection against measles is vaccination. The measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine is highly effective, with about 99 percent of people developing lasting immunity after receiving two doses. The first dose provides protection for most individuals, while the second dose ensures immunity for those who did not respond to the initial vaccination. However, it is important to note that immunity can wane over time, and even previously vaccinated adults may still be at risk. Therefore, individuals with weakened immune systems, such as those with lupus or taking immunosuppressive medications, should consult their healthcare providers about the necessity of testing or revaccination.

Symptoms of measles typically appear 10 to 14 days after exposure and include fever, cough, runny nose, and red, watery eyes. Small white spots may also appear inside the mouth, followed by a rash that spreads from the face down to the rest of the body. While most people recover within a few weeks, measles can lead to serious complications such as pneumonia, severe diarrhea, and, in rare cases, encephalitis (brain swelling). These risks are higher among babies, older adults, pregnant individuals, and those with weakened immune systems.

People at risk for contracting measles include those who are unvaccinated or have only received one dose of the MMR vaccine, adults who do not know their vaccination history or were vaccinated before 1968, travelers visiting countries with measles outbreaks or regions with low vaccination rates, and individuals living in communities where measles is spreading. Pregnant individuals, babies under 1 year old, and people in close-contact settings like schools or shelters are also at higher risk. Additionally, people with weakened immune systems due to conditions like lupus or medications used to treat it are more vulnerable to the virus.

Healthcare providers are urged to discuss vaccination with travelers and emphasize the importance of maintaining high vaccination rates to prevent measles outbreaks. Health experts warn that if vaccination rates continue to decline, measles could become common again, leading to millions of cases over the next 25 years. Therefore, it is essential for individuals to stay informed about their vaccination status and take necessary precautions to protect themselves and others from measles.

In addition to vaccination, practicing good hygiene, such as washing hands frequently and avoiding touching the face, can help prevent the spread of measles. It is also important to be mindful of travel and confirm vaccine status before traveling internationally. During outbreaks, individuals should avoid crowded indoor spaces in communities with low vaccination rates. If exposed to measles and not vaccinated, getting an MMR vaccine within 72 hours can prevent or reduce illness severity. For those taking medications that suppress the immune system, immune globulin (IG) within six days may be recommended instead. Consulting with a healthcare provider is crucial to determine eligibility for these measures.

In summary, measles is a highly contagious virus that requires vigilant preventive measures. Vaccination remains the most effective method of protection, and individuals should stay informed about their vaccination status and take necessary precautions to safeguard themselves and their communities from this dangerous disease.