France Fuels 20-Year Power Export Surge, Spurring Cross-Border Flows to UK, Switzerland

France's electricity exports hit a 20-year high in the second half of 2025, driven by strong nuclear and renewable energy production. The country's improved nuclear output-supplying over two-thirds of its electricity-has reinforced its position as a key pillar of Europe's energy infrastructure. The surge in exports reflects a combination of stable generation and favorable market conditions across the continent.

Net electricity trade levels have not been this high since at least 2005, according to data from RTE, France's grid operator. The increase in supply pushed down French power prices, prompting a rise in exports to neighboring markets such as Switzerland, the UK, and Italy. Analysts attribute the success to a gradual recovery in nuclear output following maintenance challenges in 2022.

The strong export performance has led to a significant rise in cross-border flows. Between July and October 2025, net exports to Switzerland jumped over 70% compared to the same period in 2024, while those to the UK grew by about 30%. The increase to Switzerland is largely due to reduced nuclear output at key domestic plants, including Beznau and Gösgen, as well as supply limitations caused by the 2025 heatwave.

Key Drivers of the Export Surge

France's nuclear power sector has shown marked improvement in 2025, with output increasing by around 2% year-over-year. The recovery followed a prolonged period of reactor shutdowns in 2022 to address stress corrosion issues in pipework. The return to full capacity has bolstered the country's ability to export surplus electricity and maintain competitive pricing in European markets according to Bloomberg.

Renewable energy also played a supporting role in the export boost. Stronger-than-average wind and solar generation added to the surplus, allowing France to maintain stable output even during periods of reduced nuclear availability. This diversification has made the country's energy system more resilient and export-ready.

Switzerland, in particular, has relied heavily on French imports due to its own nuclear challenges. The Beznau plant experienced operational limitations during the 2025 heatwave, as high river temperatures forced partial shutdowns. Meanwhile, the Gösgen plant has remained offline since May due to regulatory concerns over its feed-water system.

Implications for European Energy Markets

The rise in French exports has had a noticeable impact on neighboring markets. In Italy, electricity imports increased due to domestic supply constraints, including a 3 gigawatt decline in fossil gas output and 2 gigawatt drop in hydro generation since July compared to the five-year average. These factors have highlighted the interconnected nature of European energy markets and the critical role of France as a stable energy supplier.

The export success has also sparked broader discussions about nuclear energy's future. While France continues to refine and expand its existing fleet, other countries are taking varied approaches. The UK remains one of the most expensive places to develop nuclear power, but it is pursuing new projects such as Hinkley Point C and small modular reactors. Meanwhile, Japan recently approved the restart of reactors at its Kashiwazaki Kariwa plant-the world's largest nuclear facility-marking a shift back toward nuclear energy after the 2011 Fukushima disaster.

France's export performance also aligns with a global trend of countries looking to expand nuclear capacity to meet climate goals. Over 30 nations have committed to tripling nuclear output by 2050, with China and the US making significant strides in construction and innovation according to BBC reports.

What This Means for Energy Investors

The rise in French exports could reshape investment dynamics in the European power sector. Utilities with strong nuclear capabilities, such as EDF, are likely to benefit from higher revenues and market share. At the same time, countries with aging nuclear infrastructure-such as the UK and Switzerland-may face growing pressure to accelerate their own capacity upgrades or risk energy insecurity.

Investors should also consider the geopolitical implications. France's ability to export reliably and affordably strengthens its energy autonomy and reinforces its influence in European energy markets. This is particularly relevant in light of ongoing tensions in other regions, such as the corruption scandal in Ukraine, which has complicated efforts to maintain stable energy partnerships.

Looking ahead, analysts are watching for further developments in France's nuclear strategy and the pace of reactor upgrades. While the current export surge is a positive sign, long-term success will depend on maintaining reactor efficiency and addressing aging infrastructure. With global demand for low-carbon energy rising, the European nuclear renaissance appears to be gaining momentum-led by France's renewed leadership in the sector.