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Ethereum's Sepolia Testnet Successfully Implements Pectra Upgrade, Enhancing Network Usability and Scalability
The Ethereum network has taken a significant step forward with the successful implementation of the Pectra upgrade on the Sepolia testnet. This upgrade, which merges the previously planned Prague and Electra updates, aims to improve network usability, staking, scalability, and infrastructure.
The Pectra upgrade introduces several key features, including Account Abstraction (EIP-7702), which allows wallets to function more like smart contracts. This enables users to pay transaction fees with assets like USDC, in addition to ETH, enhancing usability and user experience.
Staking Enhancements (EIP-7251) are also introduced, with the validator staking limit increasing from 32 ETH to 2048 ETH. This simplifies staking management for large holders but raises concerns about decentralization, as wealthier participants may be favored.
The upgrade also focuses on scalability and Layer-2 (L2) boost under Ethereum Improvement Proposals (EIPs) 7691 and 7623. For users, this means optimized data management to improve network efficiency, lower transaction fees, and encourage greater adoption of L2 scaling solutions.
Additionally, the Pectra upgrade introduces improvements in development and infrastructure, including streamlined smart contract deployment, cryptographic efficiency (EIP-2537), and new consensus mechanisms (EIP-7549). Features like PeerDAS and Verkle Trees support Ethereum's long-term scalability.
With the Pectra upgrade, validators can reinvest their staking rewards automatically, potentially increasing long-term returns. However, some users have raised issues about the custom deposit contract affecting transaction inclusion, which is currently being investigated by Ethereum developers.
The Pectra upgrade is planned in two phases, with part of Phase 1 now live on Sepolia. This decision to split the upgrade into two stages follows concerns about implementing all changes simultaneously. The second phase is expected in 2026, bringing further refinements and enhancements.
Before Sepolia's successful upgrade, Ethereum developers launched the Mekong testnet in November 2023 as a preview environment. Mekong allowed developers to test P

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