Ethereum Co-Founder Buterin Proposes Pluralistic Identity for Privacy

Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin has introduced a new concept called "pluralistic identity" to address privacy concerns in digital identity systems. In a recent blog post, Buterin discussed the potential risks of relying on a single digital identity, which could compromise pseudonymity and expose users to surveillance and coercion.

Buterin's proposal revolves around the use of zero-knowledge (ZK) proof-wrapped IDs, which allow users to verify their identity without revealing personal information. However, he warned that even these privacy-preserving systems can pose significant risks if they enforce a one-to-one identity per person. This rigid enforcement can undermine pseudonymity, making it difficult for users to maintain separate, anonymous profiles.

Buterin noted that many digital ID projects, including World ID and various government initiatives, are increasingly adopting ZK technology. While these systems solve important problems, they also carry the risk of forcing users into a single, trackable identity. This could lead to a scenario where all user activities are linked to a single public identity, increasing the potential for surveillance by governments or employers.

Buterin also criticized the idea of using "proof of wealth" as an anti-Sybil measure, arguing that it excludes individuals who cannot afford to pay and concentrates power among the wealthy. Instead, he proposed a more flexible approach where users can obtain multiple identities at a cost proportional to the number of identities they wish to acquire.

To achieve this flexibility, Buterin suggested the implementation of pluralistic identity systems. These systems would involve multiple authorities issuing identities, ensuring that no single entity controls the process. This could be achieved through explicit methods, such as social-graph-based verification, or implicit methods, where multiple ID providers, including government documents and social platforms, are used.

Buterin emphasized that pluralistic identity systems are naturally more error-tolerant and inclusive, benefiting stateless individuals or those unable to access traditional IDs. He argued that the best outcome would be a merger of one-per-person identity schemes with social-graph systems, creating diverse and global identity networks.

In conclusion, Buterin's proposal for pluralistic identity systems aims to balance privacy, inclusivity, and resistance to abuse. By avoiding the concentration of power in a single authority, these systems can provide a more flexible and secure approach to digital identity, ensuring fair access and protecting user privacy.