Ethereum Co-Founder Buterin Proposes 12-Second Confirmations for Layer-2 Networks

At the recent Web3 Scholar Summit 2025, Ethereum’s co-founder Vitalik Buterin emphasized the urgent need for improved withdrawal processes for layer-2 networks. He specifically highlighted the OP and ARB tokens, which currently require up to a week for withdrawal confirmations. While there is an option for users to utilize an instant bridge, Buterin noted that this method is prohibitively expensive, making it inaccessible for most users. He stressed the importance of reducing layer-2 confirmation times to create a more unified and efficient Ethereum ecosystem.

To address these challenges, Buterin proposed a multi-faceted approach. One of his key recommendations is the implementation of a ZK+TEE+OP model, which would be adopted during a 30-day upgrade period. This model follows a “pick two out of three” design, allowing for flexibility and optimization. Additionally, he advocated for the integration of L1SLOAD, a feature that enables layer-2 solutions to read layer-1 opcodes more efficiently. Another significant proposal was the aggregation of proofs, which would allow validators to submit confirmations collectively rather than individually. This approach aims to streamline the confirmation process and reduce the overall time required.

Buterin’s ultimate vision is for seamless, synchronous communication between layer-1 and layer-2 networks, with a targeted timeframe of just 12 seconds for confirmations. This ambitious goal is part of a broader effort to enhance the scalability and efficiency of the Ethereum network, making it more accessible and user-friendly for a wider audience. By addressing these challenges, Buterin hopes to foster a more cohesive and integrated Ethereum ecosystem, paving the way for future innovations and advancements in the blockchain space.