ECB Launches Two-Year DLT Program to Enhance Eurosystem Efficiency

The European Central Bank (ECB) has officially approved a two-year program to explore the use of Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) in payment and settlement operations with central bank money. This two-phased plan is set to culminate in a pilot project during the third quarter of 2026 aimed at enhancing the efficiency of the Eurosystem infrastructure. The ECB emphasizes the principle of “innovation without compromising security,” highlighting the research’s potential to boost Europe’s competitiveness. This decision is considered a critical turning point for accelerating payment systems and reducing costs across the continent.

The Pontes model aims to bridge DLT platforms with current Eurosystem TARGET services, facilitating real-time cash and securities flows. Starting with a limited number of participants in the third quarter of 2026, this pilot project will represent the first concrete initiative linking standard central bank money accounts to a DLT environment. As a result, banks will be able to trade blockchain-based assets seamlessly without abandoning traditional RTGS channels.

According to the impact analysis conducted by the ECB between May and November 2024, this framework holds the potential to reduce settlement and credit risks while lowering operational costs. Experiments indicated that payments could be settled simultaneously and collateral management automated using DLT. The institution plans to evaluate the outcomes of Pontes and develop a widespread bridging model across Europe.

The Appia initiative presents a more comprehensive approach than Pontes by addressing the international dimension of DLT-based settlements. Through Appia, the ECB will examine payment models both within and beyond Europe, meticulously testing scalability, interoperability, and compliance standards.

The report underscores the importance of testing the resilience of DLT under real market conditions. Thus, Appia will proceed with gradual integration and stringent risk controls. Its objective is to accelerate global fund flows while maintaining systemic security, offering investors lower transaction fees and high transparency benefits.

The ECB's dual-track strategy through Pontes and Appia is designed to integrate DLT into wholesale settlement systems. This approach not only highlights the ECB's forward-thinking stance on technology but also its dedication to ensuring that the financial system remains robust and efficient. By embracing DLT, the ECB aims to streamline transactions and improve the overall functionality of the Eurosystem infrastructure. This initiative is a significant step towards modernizing the financial sector and ensuring that it can adapt to the rapidly evolving technological landscape.