Celo Migrates to Ethereum Layer-2, Boosts Transaction Speed by 400%

Celo has successfully transitioned from a Layer-1 (L1) blockchain to an Ethereum Layer-2 (L2) network, marking a significant milestone in its development. This strategic move enhances interoperability and security, while also reducing transaction times to just one second. Notably, Celo has maintained its extremely low fees, ensuring a user-friendly environment. The migration, which was completed at block height 31,056,500, utilized Optimism’s OP Stack and EigenDA for efficient data availability. This upgrade has been in the works for 20 months, beginning with a proposal from cLabs in July 2023.

The transition process involved Celo validators pausing block production on the L1 network, followed by the commencement of a hard fork. The official Celo countdown website confirmed the transition, highlighting a collaborative effort aimed at enhancing user experiences and fostering innovation within the Ethereum ecosystem. Following the halt in L1 block production, Celo’s block production resumed within hours on the L2, with public RPC (Forno) and indexers coming online shortly thereafter.

For users and developers, the transition to Ethereum Layer-2 brings substantial advantages. By leveraging Ethereum’s robust infrastructure, Celo enhances its security features and overall network performance. The ability to produce blocks in just one second, as opposed to the previous five seconds, marks a profound increase in transaction speeds. Celo also maintains its ultra-low transaction fees of $0.0005, which fosters cost-effective transactions that are appealing both to users and developers. The integration of native Ethereum bridging further reduces the dependency on external bridging solutions, which have faced security vulnerabilities in the past.

This migration means that Ethereum developers can now build seamlessly on Celo with minimal adjustments necessary. Marek Olszewski, CEO and co-founder of cLabs, referred to this migration as “an exciting return home,” suggesting that this integration combines the strengths of both networks to scale Web3 while reaching a global audience. Following this landmark announcement, CELO’s price witnessed a nearly four percent uptick, mirroring market optimism regarding Celo’s strategic shift.

However, this transition occurs amid an evolving discussion about the merits of Layer 2 networks. Notably, Anatoly Yakovenko, co-founder of Solana, raised questions about the necessity of Layer 2 solutions, suggesting that Solana’s monolithic Layer 1 design may be sufficient for most blockchain applications. Additionally, Binance’s CEO, Changpeng Zhao, reignited debates concerning whether AI projects should prioritize Layer 1 or Layer 2 networks, underscoring ongoing discussions about optimal blockchain scaling strategies.

As Celo integrates deeply into the Ethereum ecosystem, users and developers alike can anticipate a rise in liquidity, improved transactional efficiencies, and enhanced security measures. Vitalik Buterin, co-founder of Ethereum, expressed enthusiasm for Celo’s full embrace of the Ethereum family, stating, “Celo has done a lot for crypto’s global adoption.” Nevertheless, Celo must navigate the complex landscape of transaction fee revenue, as its attractive ultra-low fees might divert significant revenue from Ethereum’s primary chain. Ensuring long-term security for the network while also incentivizing validators will be crucial, potentially leading Celo to explore alternative revenue avenues, such as MEV (Maximal Extractable Value) capture or strategic partnerships.

Despite skepticism surrounding Layer 2 solutions, Joanna Zeng, co-founder and CEO of SOON, a rollup on Ethereum, remains optimistic. She stated, “L1s will not change their base layers, but they can still benefit from better scalability. The focus should be on proving the strength of Layer 2 scalability by expanding beyond existing architectures.” The successful migration of Celo to an Ethereum Layer-2 network represents a significant step forward not only for the Celo ecosystem but also for the broader Ethereum community. By enhancing security, reducing transaction times, and providing a cost-effective environment for users and developers, Celo is well-positioned to foster innovation and community engagement. As discussions regarding Layer 2 scalability continue, stakeholders in the crypto space will be keenly monitoring the outcomes of Celo’s ambitious transition.