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The United Arab Emirates (UAE) has officially become the fourth-largest holder of
among sovereign entities, with a reserve of approximately 6,333 Bitcoin (BTC), valued at around $740 million at current market prices [3]. This stash was accumulated through direct mining operations conducted by Citadel Mining, a publicly listed company majority-owned by the UAE Royal Group via the International Holding Company (IHC) [1]. Unlike the United States, China, and the United Kingdom, which primarily acquired their Bitcoin through law enforcement seizures, the UAE’s approach highlights its strategic investment in global crypto infrastructure and energy-driven mining initiatives [3].According to blockchain analytics firm Arkham Intelligence, the UAE government’s Bitcoin holdings are among the most transparently identified sovereign reserves globally. Arkham was the first to publicly label and trace the UAE’s Bitcoin addresses, confirming that the cryptocurrency was mined through Citadel Mining in collaboration with the Phoenix Group, a leading mining and blockchain infrastructure provider [1]. The firm also noted that on-chain transactions between Citadel and Phoenix align with official disclosures, reinforcing the credibility of the mining operations [1].
The UAE’s Bitcoin reserves position it as a key player in the global digital asset landscape. Ranked fourth globally, it trails the United States, China, and the United Kingdom, which hold significantly larger Bitcoin reserves, primarily through criminal seizures [3]. For instance, the U.S. government is estimated to hold around 198,012 BTC, while China holds approximately 194,000 BTC, largely from its 2019 crackdown on fraudulent crypto schemes [1]. The UK holds about 61,245 BTC, also obtained via law enforcement actions [1]. In contrast, the UAE’s strategy of acquiring Bitcoin through mining underscores its commitment to leveraging energy resources and favorable regulatory frameworks to build a sustainable and strategic digital asset portfolio [3].
Beyond mining, the UAE has further diversified its Bitcoin exposure by investing $534 million in a Bitcoin exchange-traded fund (ETF), reflecting a dual-pronged approach to building a sovereign digital asset reserve [3]. This move aligns with broader efforts by Abu Dhabi and Dubai to establish themselves as global crypto hubs. Favorable regulations, access to cheap energy for mining operations, and institutional capital have all contributed to the UAE’s growing influence in the crypto economy [3].
The UAE’s strategy sets it apart from other nations like El Salvador and Bhutan, which have adopted different methods of acquiring Bitcoin. El Salvador, for instance, continues to purchase BTC daily under its “1 Bitcoin per day” initiative, while Bhutan has leveraged its hydroelectric resources to mine approximately 12,000–13,000 BTC [2]. The UAE’s mining-based approach, however, highlights its unique ability to generate digital assets from within, rather than relying on market purchases or law enforcement seizures [3].
As global interest in Bitcoin grows, the UAE’s move to establish a sovereign digital asset reserve may encourage other nations to explore similar strategies. Governments around the world now collectively hold around 463,000 BTC, representing approximately 2.3% of the total supply [2]. The UAE’s transparent, energy-efficient approach to Bitcoin accumulation provides a model for countries seeking to build long-term digital asset reserves while supporting the broader adoption of blockchain technology [3].
Source:
[1] UAE reportedly holds $700M in mined Bitcoin: Arkham (https://cointelegraph.com/news/uae-ranks-sixth-in-bitcoin-holdings-with-700m-stash)
[2] UAE owns $700M Bitcoin through mining firm Citadel ... (https://cryptorank.io/news/feed/02d06-uae-owns-700m-bitcoin-through-citadel-firm)
[3] UAE Now Holds 6300 Bitcoin,4th-Largest in the World (https://coinpedia.org/news/uae-now-holds-6300-bitcoin4th-largest-in-the-world/)
[4] UAE Becomes Fourth-Largest Government Bitcoin Reserve (https://coingape.com/uae-becomes-fourth-largest-government-bitcoin-reserve/)

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