The cryptocurrency market experienced its largest liquidation event in history on October 10, 2025, as U.S. President Donald Trump's announcement of 100% tariffs on Chinese imports triggered a global sell-off. Data from Coinglass revealed that over $19.1 billion in leveraged positions were wiped out within 24 hours, with $16.7 billion attributed to long positions and $2.4 billion to short positions [1]. The collapse erased nearly $400 billion in total market value, pushing BitcoinBTC-- below $110,000 and EthereumETH-- under $3,700. Hyperliquid, a derivatives exchange, reported $10.28 billion in liquidations, including a record $203 million ETH-USDT position [3].

The crisis was fueled by a combination of geopolitical tensions and excessive leverage. Trump's tariffs reignited fears of a trade war, with China's export restrictions on rare earth minerals exacerbating market anxiety [2]. Analysts noted that the crypto market, already inflated by bullish momentum, became a "pressure cooker" for leveraged bets. "The tariffs were the ignition," said Ravi Doshi of FalconX, "and it lit the fuse under a market full of leveraged bets." Bitcoin dropped 12% to $102,000, while altcoins like SolanaSOL--, XRPXRP--, and DogecoinDOGE-- plummeted by 18–24% [2].
The liquidation cascade exposed vulnerabilities in derivatives markets. Binance's futures insurance fund drained $188 million to stabilize losses, and exchanges like CoinbaseCOIN-- and Kraken faced outages due to surging trading volumes [3]. Ethena's stablecoin USDeUSDe-- briefly depegged to $0.9996, highlighting systemic stress. Institutional traders, however, capitalized on the chaos: one whale reportedly pocketed $72 million shorting BTCBTC-- and ETHETH-- [3].
The event dwarfed previous market shocks. The 2020 pandemic crash saw $1.2 billion in liquidations, while the FTX collapse in 2022 resulted in $1.6 billion [4]. By contrast, Friday's liquidation was nearly 20 times larger, underscoring the explosive growth of leveraged trading. CoinGlass warned that actual figures could be higher, as Binance delayed reporting [1].
Regulatory and macroeconomic uncertainties compounded the fallout. The U.S. government shutdown delayed key economic data releases, leaving traders in the dark as trade war rhetoric intensified [5]. Meanwhile, the Federal Reserve's policy trajectory came under scrutiny, with some analysts warning that inflationary pressures from tariffs could force a delay in rate cuts.
Long-term implications remain mixed. While the crash purged excessive leverage, experts caution that renewed trade tensions or regulatory crackdowns could stall recovery. Arthur Hayes of BitMEX called it a "structural reset," but noted that altcoins like Solana and XRP face "unthinkable lows" before stabilization [3]. Institutional flows, including BlackRock's ETF investments, may provide a floor for recovery [2].

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