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El Salvador's
holdings reached $775 million in value as of July 2025, with the nation's sovereign reserves comprising 6,246 , according to data from the National Bitcoin Office and verified by CoinMarketCap [1]. These holdings have generated unrealized profits of $475 million since the government's initial purchases in 2021, marking a 162% increase in volume from the 2,381 BTC acquired at the start of its crypto strategy [2]. The government's average purchase price per Bitcoin stands at $43,357, with total investments exceeding $103 million across varying market conditions [3]. The country's reserves have surged due to a combination of direct purchases, including large-scale buys during market downturns, and geothermal-powered mining operations [4].The Salvadoran government has maintained a "buy and hold" strategy, purchasing one Bitcoin daily since 2022 and expanding its reserves through volcanic energy mining [1]. President Nayib Bukele recently announced an additional 21 BTC purchase to commemorate the fourth anniversary of the 2021 Bitcoin law, bringing the total holdings to 6,313 BTC valued at $710 million . The government has also diversified its acquisition methods, including a recent move to split its BTC across 14 addresses to mitigate quantum computing risks . Despite a 2024 IMF loan agreement that relaxed mandatory Bitcoin acceptance for businesses, the administration continues daily purchases, contradicting earlier statements about pausing acquisitions .
Security measures for El Salvador's holdings include cold storage in a physical vault, with 5,689 BTC transferred offline in March 2024 to protect against cyber threats [2]. The government also utilizes custodial wallets for operational transactions but has reduced involvement with the Chivo wallet following IMF negotiations [3]. Mining operations, leveraging geothermal energy from volcanoes, have contributed nearly 474 BTC to reserves since 2021, further diversifying the country's acquisition strategy [3].
Economically, Bitcoin's adoption has enhanced financial inclusion, enabling unbanked citizens to access digital transactions and remittances. Remittances account for nearly 25% of El Salvador's GDP, and Bitcoin's integration aims to reduce transfer costs and improve cross-border efficiency [4]. However, domestic adoption remains limited, with surveys indicating only 8% of Salvadorans used Bitcoin in 2024, averaging 14 transactions annually [4]. The government's Chivo wallet initiative, while successful in tourist hubs, has not achieved widespread usage, prompting continued education and infrastructure investments [4].
Challenges persist, including Bitcoin's price volatility, which exposed the nation's reserves to significant valuation swings. For instance, portfolio values fluctuated between $24.5 million and $120,000 per BTC in recent years [4]. International skepticism, particularly from institutions like the IMF, has also raised concerns about financial stability and regulatory compliance [3]. Despite these risks, the government remains committed to its long-term holding strategy, with Bukele emphasizing Bitcoin's role as a hedge against dollarization and currency devaluation [2].
Looking ahead, El Salvador plans to expand its Bitcoin City project, a tax-free economic hub powered by renewable energy, and issue Bitcoin-backed "Volcano Bonds" to fund infrastructure [3]. The government has also proposed a "rent your own volcano" initiative to attract geothermal-powered mining investments [3]. While the future of Bitcoin as legal tender remains uncertain, the administration's continued accumulation and innovation efforts underscore its vision for digital asset leadership in the region [4].
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