Amazon Web Services Inks Landmark Metal Deal with Mining Giant Rio Tinto

Amazon Web Services (AWS) and Rio Tinto have entered a two-year agreement to supply copper produced via Rio Tinto’s Nuton bioleaching technology for use in AWS’s U.S. data centers. The deal makes AWS the first customer of Nuton copper, which is produced at Rio Tinto’s Johnson Camp mine in Arizona according to a partnership announcement. This collaboration aims to provide AWS with a critical material while supporting more sustainable sourcing practices in the data-center industry.

AWS will also provide cloud-based analytics to help Rio Tinto and Gunnison Copper optimize the Nuton process at the Johnson Camp mine. The technology uses naturally occurring microorganisms to extract copper from sulfide ores, producing 99.99% pure copper cathode at the mine gate. This method eliminates the need for traditional smelting and refining steps, shortening the supply chain and reducing environmental impact.

The agreement aligns with Amazon’s Climate Pledge to reach net-zero carbon emissions by 2040. Kara Hurst, Amazon’s Chief Sustainability Officer, stated the collaboration represents a new approach to copper production, reducing both carbon emissions and water usage.

Why Did This Deal Take Place?

The demand for copper is surging due to its critical role in data centers, renewable energy systems, and electric vehicles. Rio Tinto’s Nuton technology provides a solution to meet this demand while addressing environmental concerns. Copper’s use in wiring, transformers, and cooling infrastructure makes it an essential component for modern infrastructure.

The Nuton process is projected to use significantly less water and generate lower carbon emissions than conventional methods. At Johnson Camp, the water intensity is expected to be 71 liters per kilogram of copper, compared to a global average of approximately 130 liters. This aligns with global sustainability goals and supports AWS’s mission to decarbonize its operations.

How Did Markets React?

Shares of Rio Tinto rose by 0.3% in premarket trading, while Amazon shares climbed 0.6%. The market reaction reflects investor optimism about the partnership and the broader trend toward sustainable materials. Rio Tinto has also been in preliminary discussions with Glencore about a potential merger, which could expand its copper production capabilities.

Analysts note that Rio Tinto has been studying leaching technology for over 30 years, and the Nuton program is a culmination of that research. The technology is named after Isaac Newton, reflecting its scientific foundation.

What Are Analysts Watching Next?

The success of the Nuton copper in AWS’s supply chain could set a precedent for other industries seeking to reduce their environmental footprint. Analysts are watching whether the partnership can be scaled to meet broader demand. The Johnson Camp mine is expected to produce 30,000 tonnes of refined copper over four years.

Other major copper producers, including BHP Group and Antofagasta, are also developing sulfide leaching technologies, indicating a broader industry shift toward sustainable production methods. The global copper market is projected to see significant demand growth due to AI and renewable energy expansion.

The partnership also highlights the growing importance of domestic copper production in the U.S. By sourcing materials closer to where they are used, AWS is strengthening its supply chain resilience. This is especially relevant as global supply chains face increasing disruptions and geopolitical risks.

The Nuton technology’s ability to extract copper from previously uneconomic ore could further enhance its value. As AI and data centers drive demand, the ability to produce copper with lower environmental impact becomes a key competitive advantage.