La temporada de desaparición de las monedas alternativas: lo que revela la caída del dominio de BTC sobre la estructura del mercado y los cambios de liquidez

The cryptocurrency market's structural evolution in 2025 has rendered the concept of "altcoin season" increasingly obsolete. Bitcoin's dominance, now hovering near 65% of the total crypto market capitalization, underscores a stark departure from the risk-on dynamics of previous bull cycles, such as 2021, when altcoins outperformed Bitcoin by multiples. This shift reflects not just a change in investor sentiment but a fundamental reordering of liquidity, leverage, and institutional participation in the digital asset space.

Historical Altcoin Seasons: A Tale of Risk-On Capital Flows

In 2021, Bitcoin's dominance plummeted from 70% to 40% as capital flowed into altcoins, driven by speculative fervor around decentralized finance (DeFi) and Layer 1 blockchains like Solana and Avalanche according to CoinGecko data. This period, often termed "altcoin season," was characterized by thin Bitcoin positions and leveraged altcoin bets, with investors seeking outsized returns in a low-interest-rate environment. The decline in Bitcoin dominance mirrored broader risk appetite, as equities and crypto markets synchronized in a synchronized bullish phase.

However, the 2025 correction has inverted this dynamic. Bitcoin's dominance has surged past 60%, signaling a risk-off environment where capital is retreating to the perceived safety of Bitcoin according to market analysis. This divergence from historical patterns is not merely cyclical but structural, shaped by macroeconomic forces and evolving market infrastructure.

The 2025 Correction: Liquidity Drought and Structural Breaks

The October 10, 2024, flash crash marked a pivotal inflection point. Triggered by macroeconomic shocks-including Trump's tariff announcements-the event exposed a "volatility trap" in crypto markets. Order book depth evaporated across major exchanges like Binance and Kraken, with meaningful buy orders located 4% to 10% away from the mid-price. A $19 billion liquidation cascade followed, described by Coin Metrics as "The Great De-Leveraging" as leveraged altcoin positions collapsed under margin calls.

This liquidity drought starkly contrasts with 2021's altcoin season, where leveraged altcoin positions were the norm. In 2025, Bitcoin itself became a high-beta asset, reacting sharply to macroeconomic signals like Fed policy and equity market volatility. The post-crash market structure is now defined by thinner liquidity, reduced leverage, and fragmented order books, with institutional investors treating Bitcoin as a strategic allocation rather than a speculative play according to SSGA research.

Bitcoin's Evolving Role: From Speculative Asset to Financial Infrastructure

Bitcoin's dominance in 2025 is not a temporary correction but a reflection of its maturation as financial infrastructure. Institutional adoption has transformed Bitcoin into a core portfolio asset for diversified investors. By late 2025, 94% of institutional investors viewed blockchain technology as a long-term value proposition, with Bitcoin serving as a hedge against fiat debasement according to market analysis.

This shift is evident in on-chain metrics. The MVRV Z-Score-a measure of speculative froth-has normalized, indicating a market devoid of overbought conditions according to SSGA analysis. Meanwhile, miner economics, with a Mining Costs-to-Price Ratio of 1.15 and a Puell Multiple below 1.0, suggest Bitcoin is approaching a structural floor according to SSGA research. These metrics contrast sharply with 2021's speculative environment, where altcoin momentum was driven by retail FOMO and leveraged trading.

The Vanishing Altcoin Season: A New Market Paradigm

The absence of a 2025 altcoin season is not a failure of innovation but a symptom of structural liquidity constraints. Altcoins, which historically relied on Bitcoin's momentum for capital inflows, have underperformed due to their exposure to reflexive leverage and shallow order books according to market analysis. In a risk-off environment, investors are prioritizing Bitcoin's liquidity and institutional-grade security over the volatility of smaller tokens.

Moreover, the normalization of Bitcoin ETFs has created a self-reinforcing cycle of institutional capital inflows. By late 2025, $191 billion in crypto ETF assets under management had been recorded, with Bitcoin ETFs acting as a stabilizing force in a fragmented market according to market reports. This institutionalization has further marginalized altcoins, which lack the regulatory clarity and infrastructure to compete with Bitcoin's growing role in global finance.

Conclusion: A Bitcoin-Centric Future

The 2025 correction has accelerated the transition from speculative altcoin cycles to a Bitcoin-centric market structure. With dominance metrics exceeding 60% and institutional adoption solidifying, Bitcoin is no longer a speculative asset but a foundational pillar of the global financial system according to market analysis. While historical altcoin seasons were driven by risk-on capital flows and leveraged trading, the post-2025 market is defined by caution, liquidity constraints, and a redefinition of risk-return profiles.

For investors, this paradigm shift implies a recalibration of strategies. Altcoins, once the darlings of bull markets, now require a more nuanced approach, with a focus on fundamentals and regulatory alignment. Meanwhile, Bitcoin's role as a store of value and institutional asset is likely to expand, particularly as the Fed's anticipated rate cuts in 2026 inject liquidity into risk-based assets according to market forecasts. The vanishing altcoin season is not a temporary anomaly but a harbinger of a new era in crypto markets-one where Bitcoin's dominance is not just a metric but a structural reality.