Trump Warns of Penalties for Violating Rwanda-Congo Agreement

Trump Warns of Penalties for Violating Rwanda-Congo Agreement

June 19, 2025 - U.S. President Donald Trump has threatened penalties against Rwanda and the Democratic Republic of Congo if they fail to adhere to a ceasefire agreement aimed at halting the conflict in eastern Congo. The agreement, brokered by the U.S. administration, is set to be signed by the foreign ministers of Rwanda and Congo on Friday.

The accord, which Trump has been promoting as a potential Nobel Peace Prize candidate, aims to stop the war that has devastated eastern Congo and forced millions to flee their homes. However, critics argue that the deal is vague and lacks a clear enforcement mechanism, particularly for the Rwanda-backed M23 rebel militia, which has captured two major cities in the region.

The agreement, which Trump has touted as a significant achievement, includes a provision for U.S. mining investment in eastern Congo's mines, with minerals shipped across the border to a Rwandan refinery. This move is seen as a significant incentive for both countries to sign the deal. However, the absence of M23 leaders from the signing ceremony and the exclusion of a key Congolese pro-military contingent, known as the Wazalendo, have raised concerns about the deal's sustainability.

Denis Mukwege, a Congolese doctor and Nobel Peace Prize laureate, has criticized the accord, stating that it rewards Rwanda for its aggression in eastern Congo and fails to provide justice for the thousands of victims. He believes that the deal will not consolidate a lasting peace.

Despite these concerns, there is some evidence that the U.S. strategy, which combines economic incentives and threats of sanctions, has already achieved gains. Earlier this year, U.S. pressure helped halt an M23 offensive that threatened the capital, Kinshasa.

The peace accord, which emphasizes U.S. investment and mining deals, is designed to appeal to Trump's transactional nature. His senior Africa adviser, Massad Boulos, has repeatedly brought the issue to Trump's attention. However, there are concerns that the deal could falter if the administration loses interest.

References:
[1] https://www.theglobeandmail.com/world/article-trump-africa-congo-rwanda-nobel-peace-prize/
[2] https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2025/06/27/trump-trade-deals-labor-day-bessent/84388524007/