Disminución del déficit comercial de los EE. UU. y sus implicaciones para las cadenas de suministro globales y los mercados basados en exportaciones

The U.S. trade deficit, a longstanding focal point of economic policy debates, has undergone notable shifts in 2025 amid the enduring impact of Trump-era tariffs and evolving global supply chain dynamics. While these policies have temporarily reduced the deficit, their broader implications reveal a complex interplay of short-term gains and long-term structural challenges. For investors, the reshaping of trade flows and the emergence of resilient export sectors in alternative trade partners present both opportunities and risks that demand careful scrutiny.

A Mixed Picture for the U.S. Trade Deficit

According to a report by the , the U.S. trade deficit in goods and services narrowed to $52.8 billion in September 2025, marking a 10.9% monthly decline. This reduction, however, masks a year-to-date increase of 17% compared to 2024, underscoring the limitations of tariffs as a sustained solution. The Trump administration's aggressive tariff policies- raising the average effective tariff rate on U.S. imports to 16.8% in November 2025, the highest since 1935-initially disrupted supply chains and prompted businesses to stockpile goods before tariffs took effect. Yet, these measures have not reversed the long-term trend of a widening deficit, which remains influenced by structural imbalances in savings, investment, and consumption.

Reshaping Global Supply Chains

The Trump-era tariffs have catalyzed a reconfiguration of global supply chains, with significant shifts in import sources. U.S. imports from China fell by nearly 17% in the first half of 2025 due to the 47.5% tariffs imposed on Chinese goods. Meanwhile, countries like Mexico, Vietnam, and Taiwan have emerged as beneficiaries of this reallocation. Mexico, for instance, has adopted a more protectionist stance, increasing tariffs on imports from non-partner countries to safeguard strategic industries and reduce its trade deficit with China. This shift positions Mexico as a critical intermediary in the U.S.-Mexico-China economic triangle, a role that could deepen as trade negotiations evolve.

Vietnam, on the other hand, has demonstrated remarkable resilience. U.S. exports from Vietnam surged to $126.16 billion in the first ten months of 2025, driven by electronics, machinery, and traditional goods like textiles. This growth reflects a vertically integrated trade relationship, where the U.S. supplies key production inputs to Vietnam, creating a mutually reinforcing economic dynamic. Similarly, Taiwan has capitalized on the AI boom, with record export growth propelling its 2025 economic growth forecast to 7.37%.

Investment Opportunities in Resilient Sectors

For investors, the reconfiguration of global trade flows highlights opportunities in sectors and regions that have adapted to the new paradigm. Vietnam's export-driven economy, supported by its integrated supply chains, offers potential in manufacturing and technology. Meanwhile, Mexico's strategic position in North American trade and its protectionist policies could bolster industries such as automotive and aerospace. Taiwan's AI and semiconductor sectors, buoyed by global demand, present high-growth prospects despite geopolitical risks.

However, these opportunities are not without caveats. The Trump tariffs have imposed an average tax increase of $1,100 per U.S. household in 2025, raising consumer prices and reducing the availability of goods. Furthermore, retaliatory measures from trading partners have curtailed U.S. exports, with projections indicating a 0.5% reduction in U.S. GDP over the next decade. For investors, the volatility introduced by these policies- evidenced by the SPDR S&P 500 ETF Trust's fluctuations in April 2025-underscores the need for diversified portfolios that hedge against trade-related uncertainties.

Looking Ahead: A Cautious Outlook

As 2026 approaches, global trade is expected to adopt a more cautious stance amid slower economic growth and rising trade costs. Yet, countries like Malaysia and South Korea continue to thrive, with Malaysia's semiconductor industry and South Korea's export strength contributing to robust trade figures. The U.S. has also leveraged a combination of tariffs and trade deals to reshape the global order, signing agreements with partners like Vietnam and South Korea. These developments suggest that while the Trump-era trade policies have altered the landscape, their long-term success will depend on the ability of businesses and governments to adapt to a more fragmented and protectionist world.

For investors, the key lies in identifying markets and sectors that have not only weathered the storm but are actively redefining their roles in the new global economy. Resilient export-driven economies, particularly those with diversified supply chains and innovation-driven industries, offer compelling opportunities. However, the path forward remains fraught with uncertainty, requiring a strategic, long-term perspective to navigate the evolving trade dynamics.