Acciones tokenizadas: la nueva frontera de los mercados de capitales

The emergence of tokenized stocks marks a pivotal shift in capital markets, blending blockchain innovation with traditional finance. As of mid-2025, the tokenized stocks market has reached a market capitalization of approximately $424 million, with projections suggesting it could surpass $1 trillion as institutional adoption accelerates. This growth is underpinned by blockchain's promise of faster, more cost-effective access to equities, but it also raises critical questions about risk, regulation, and the future of investing.

Regulatory Frameworks: A Balancing Act

Regulatory clarity has been a cornerstone of tokenized stocks' evolution. In the U.S., the SEC treats tokenized shares as traditional securities, requiring registration or valid exemptions for offerings. Meanwhile, Europe's Markets in Financial Instruments Directive II (MiFID II) classifies tokenized stocks as financial instruments, imposing compliance standards akin to those for conventional equities. Legislative efforts like the GENIUS Act in the U.S. and similar initiatives in Europe and Asia are further legitimizing stablecoins and fostering institutional trust. These frameworks aim to mitigate risks while enabling innovation, though gaps remain in addressing cross-border transactions and decentralized finance (DeFi) integration.

Opportunities: Liquidity, Accessibility, and Efficiency

Tokenized stocks unlock unprecedented opportunities. For instance, platforms like Franklin Templeton's tokenized U.S. Government Money Market Fund (FOBXX) have demonstrated blockchain's potential to enhance liquidity. Launched in April 2024, FOBXX enabled peer-to-peer transfers of fund shares on public blockchains, amassing over $760 million in total net assets by May 2025. Similarly, BlackRock's USD Institutional Digital Liquidity Fund tokenized $500 million in U.S. Treasuries, offering real-time settlement and reducing counterparty risk.

For retail investors, tokenization democratizes access to private equity and high-growth assets. Platforms such as Robinhood and Coinbase now offer tokenized versions of companies like SpaceX and OpenAI, particularly in markets like the EU and Africa. This expansion allows ordinary investors to participate in opportunities previously reserved for accredited investors, potentially yielding high returns from early-stage ventures.

A dynamic, high-tech visualization of blockchain-based stock transactions, with glowing tokens representing shares being transferred between digital wallets, transparent data streams showing real-time trading volumes, and a backdrop of financial markets with a rising market cap counter showing "$424 million" transitioning toward "$1 trillion".

Risks: Legal Ambiguities and Regulatory Gaps

Despite these advancements, tokenized stocks present unique risks. Unlike traditional equities, many tokenized shares lack voting rights or dividend entitlements, creating legal and financial ambiguities. For example, tokenized versions of U.S. stocks on platforms like Ondo Finance often function as speculative assets rather than full equity representations. Additionally, private companies issuing tokenized shares may lack the transparency of public firms, complicating due diligence for retail investors.

Regulatory uncertainty further exacerbates these challenges. While the UK's Digital Security Sandbox and the EU's DLT Pilot Regime aim to foster innovation, global alignment remains elusive. This fragmented landscape increases compliance costs and exposes investors to jurisdictional risks, particularly in cross-border transactions.

The Path Forward: Innovation Meets Infrastructure

The future of tokenized stocks hinges on infrastructure modernization and regulatory alignment. Financial institutions that adopt blockchain early-such as those leveraging tokenized funds for secondary markets or liquidity pools-may gain a strategic edge. However, widespread adoption requires resolving technical hurdles, such as interoperability between blockchain networks and legacy systems, alongside harmonizing global regulations.

Conclusion

Tokenized stocks represent a transformative force in capital markets, offering liquidity, accessibility, and efficiency. Yet, their risks-ranging from legal ambiguities to regulatory fragmentation-demand cautious navigation. As the market matures, stakeholders must balance innovation with investor protection, ensuring that the next frontier of finance remains both inclusive and resilient.