Depósitos tokenizados: La próxima frontera en los pagos globales e la infraestructura financiera

The financial landscape is undergoing a seismic shift as traditional banking systems embrace blockchain technology to tokenize deposits, redefining the mechanics of global payments and financial infrastructure. This evolution is not merely a technological upgrade but a strategic pivot toward a digital-first financial ecosystem, offering investors a unique window into the future of capital markets.

The Rise of Tokenized Deposits: Bridging Trust and Technology

Tokenized deposits represent a critical innovation in the convergence of traditional finance and blockchain. Unlike stablecoins or central bank digital currencies (CBDCs), tokenized deposits are issued by regulated banks and fully backed by fiat reserves, ensuring compliance with existing legal frameworks while leveraging blockchain's programmability and efficiency. For instance, BNY has pioneered this space by enabling on-chain mirrored representations of client deposit balances, allowing real-time, programmable cash movements that enhance liquidity for institutional clients. Similarly, JPMorgan's issuance of a deposit token on a public blockchain underscores how major banks are modernizing internal and cross-border transactions.

The implications are profound. By tokenizing deposits, banks can reduce settlement times from days to seconds, cut operational costs, and unlock new revenue streams through programmable finance. According to a report by KPMG, this approach provides banks with the "best of both worlds"-the trust of traditional systems and the agility of blockchain technology.

Regulatory Tailwinds and Market Momentum

Regulatory clarity has been a cornerstone of this transformation. The Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC) has expanded permissible digital asset activities for national banks, including custody, blockchain fee payments, and riskless principal transactions. Meanwhile, the Federal Reserve and U.S. Treasury are actively addressing the systemic impact of stablecoins and tokenized deposits on credit provision and financial intermediation. These developments signal a growing acceptance of blockchain-based solutions within the regulatory framework, reducing barriers to adoption.

Market projections further validate the potential. Tokenized deposit volumes could surpass $100-140 trillion annually by 2030, rivaling stablecoin transaction flows and reshaping institutional cash management. This growth is driven by demand for faster, transparent, and cost-effective financial services, particularly in cross-border payments and corporate treasury operations.

Investment Opportunities: From Startups to Institutional Funds

For investors, the tokenization wave presents a spectrum of opportunities. Tokenized deposit startups are attracting capital by digitizing real-world assets such as treasuries, real estate, and private credit. BlackRock's USD Institutional Digital Liquidity Fund (BUIDL), for example, has amassed $2.5 billion in assets under management, demonstrating institutional appetite for tokenized money market funds. These funds offer instant liquidity and seamless integration with DeFi platforms, serving as collateral for derivatives or reserve assets.

Tokenized U.S. Treasuries are another high-potential segment. By addressing inefficiencies in settlement and intermediation costs, they could capture a $28 billion market under a bull case scenario. Similarly, tokenized shares are expanding capital market access through 24/7 trading and immediate settlement, though regulatory complexities remain a hurdle.

Investors should also consider infrastructure providers enabling tokenization. Firms like Fireblocks and Hashnote are building the rails for tokenized assets, while platforms like Franklin Templeton and WisdomTree are innovating in tokenized fund offerings.

Risks and Considerations

While the outlook is optimistic, challenges persist. Regulatory divergence between jurisdictions-such as the U.S. SEC's traditional securities framework versus the EU's MiFID II alignment- could create compliance friction. Additionally, tokenized deposits must navigate cybersecurity risks and ensure interoperability with legacy systems.

Conclusion: A Programmable Future

Tokenized deposits are not a speculative fad but a foundational shift in financial infrastructure. As Debarshi Bandyopadhyay of KPMG notes, they enable banks to harness blockchain's advantages without sacrificing regulatory compliance. For investors, this represents a dual opportunity: capitalizing on the digitization of traditional assets while supporting the infrastructure that will underpin the next era of global finance.

The time to act is now. With regulatory momentum, technological maturity, and market demand aligning, tokenized deposits are poised to become a cornerstone of the digital economy.