Yieldes de las stablecoins y el proyecto de ley sobre criptomonedas: Un cruce de caminos regulatorios para los mercados de criptomonedas

The U.S. crypto market stands at a pivotal juncture as the GENIUS Act of 2025 reshapes the stablecoin landscape. Signed into law by President Donald J. Trump on July 18, 2025, the legislation prohibits stablecoin issuers from offering interest or yield to holders, a move designed to prevent stablecoins from competing with traditional banks and destabilizing the financial system. This regulatory shift has profound implications for investors, institutions, and the broader crypto ecosystem, creating both risks and opportunities in a rapidly evolving market.

The GENIUS Act: A New Framework for Stablecoins

The GENIUS Act mandates that stablecoin issuers maintain 100% reserve backing with liquid assets such as U.S. dollars or short-term Treasuries, while subjecting them to prudential regulations akin to banks. Crucially, stablecoin holders now enjoy priority in insolvency proceedings, a measure aimed at safeguarding their assets. However, the ban on yields has sparked debate. Critics argue that the prohibition may stifle innovation, while proponents view it as necessary to prevent stablecoins from morphing into unregulated investment vehicles according to analysis.

Notably, the act does not explicitly bar affiliated entities-such as crypto exchanges-from offering indirect incentives on stablecoin holdings. This ambiguity raises concerns about regulatory arbitrage, where market participants might exploit loopholes to circumvent the yield ban as noted by Visa. For investors, this duality creates a complex risk-reward calculus: while the act enhances transparency and stability, it also introduces uncertainty around compliance and enforcement.

Investment Risks: Systemic and Structural Challenges

The yield ban directly impacts investors who previously relied on stablecoins as a low-risk, high-liquidity asset class. With returns now off the table, stablecoins risk losing their appeal to retail and institutional investors accustomed to earning interest on their holdings. According to a report by Bloomberg, this could accelerate capital flight to alternative yield-bearing assets, such as tokenized real estate or structured crypto products.

Systemic risks also loom large. Stress tests conducted by the Federal Reserve indicate that stablecoin redemption shocks could trigger failure probabilities exceeding 8% under conservative reserve ratios. This vulnerability is exacerbated by the act's integration of stablecoin issuance into the U.S. banking system, which could amplify contagion risks during periods of financial stress as research shows. For investors, the potential for regulatory overreach or market instability necessitates a cautious approach to stablecoin allocations.

Opportunities: Innovation and Institutional Participation

Despite these risks, the GENIUS Act opens avenues for innovation. By requiring stablecoin issuers to be regulated financial institutions, the law may catalyze broader institutional participation in the stablecoin ecosystem. This could lead to the emergence of hybrid financial products, such as stablecoin-backed loans or securitized derivatives, which align with the act's emphasis on transparency according to SSGA analysis.

Moreover, the act's exemption of stablecoins from securities or commodity classifications provides much-needed regulatory clarity. This clarity could attract venture capital and corporate investment into stablecoin infrastructure, particularly in cross-border payments and decentralized finance (DeFi) applications. As stated by a JAMSADR analysis, the act's focus on payment stablecoins may also spur competition among established banks and fintech firms, driving efficiency and cost reductions.

Global Regulatory Context: Divergence and Convergence

Comparative analysis reveals a fragmented global regulatory landscape. The European Union's Markets in Crypto-Assets (MiCA) regulation, for instance, adopts a broader approach by classifying stablecoins alongside other crypto assets and requiring authorization as credit or e-money institutions. In contrast, Japan restricts stablecoin issuance to licensed banks, while Singapore's flexible framework allows a wider range of reserve options.

The U.S. model under the GENIUS Act prioritizes domestic systemic credibility over cross-border harmonization, potentially complicating interoperability with jurisdictions like the UK as observed. This divergence could fragment global stablecoin markets, creating arbitrage opportunities for investors but also increasing compliance costs for multinational firms.

Conclusion: Navigating the New Normal

The GENIUS Act marks a turning point in the evolution of stablecoins, balancing innovation with oversight in a high-stakes regulatory environment. For investors, the key lies in adapting to a landscape where yields are no longer guaranteed but where institutional-grade stability and transparency are emerging. While risks such as systemic fragility and regulatory arbitrage persist, the act's emphasis on prudential standards and market clarity offers a foundation for long-term growth.

As the crypto market grapples with this regulatory crossroads, investors must remain agile, leveraging the act's safeguards while hedging against its uncertainties. The future of stablecoins will likely hinge on how effectively market participants navigate these dual imperatives of compliance and innovation.