Momento de las pequeñas empresas en 2026: ¿Puede el Russell 2000 mantener su desempeño superior, a pesar de los crecientes riesgos macroeconómicos?

The Russell 2000, a bellwether for small-cap equities, has faced a turbulent 2025, with a year-to-date decline of 16.6% as of April 2025. This underperformance reflects the index's heightened sensitivity to macroeconomic shifts, particularly the Federal Reserve's prolonged high-rate environment. Yet, historical patterns suggest that small-cap stocks often rebound sharply during Fed easing cycles, with the Russell 2000 averaging 36% returns in the 12 months following the last rate cut in such cycles since 1984. As 2026 unfolds, the question looms: Can the Russell 2000 sustain its recent outperformance amid lingering macro risks, or will structural challenges and inflationary pressures derail its momentum?

Macroeconomic Tailwinds and Structural Catalysts

The Russell 2000's performance in late 2025 and early 2026 has been buoyed by a combination of easing financial conditions and sector-specific tailwinds. In Q3 2025, the index outperformed the S&P 500, with December 2025 futures rising 16% compared to 11% for the broader index. This resurgence was driven by a resilient U.S. economy, a broadening earnings recovery, and the One Big Beautiful Bill Act, which injected fiscal stimulus into small businesses. Additionally, the index is projected to grow earnings by 22% in 2026, outpacing the 15% expected for large-cap stocks.

The Russell 2000's domestic orientation-77% of its revenue derived from the U.S.-positions it to benefit from infrastructure spending, AI-driven industrial demand, and near-shoring initiatives. For instance, the industrials sector has thrived on defense contracts and AI data center construction, while financials have gained from a steepening yield curve and deregulation. Biotechnology, though volatile, has attracted capital due to its exposure to innovation-driven growth. These sectoral strengths, combined with the index's attractive valuations relative to large-cap benchmarks, suggest a compelling case for continued outperformance.

Macro Risks: Inflation, Policy Uncertainty, and Sectoral Vulnerabilities

However, the path forward is not without headwinds. Inflation remains stubbornly above the Fed's 2% target, with core services and housing costs proving particularly sticky. While goods inflation is expected to normalize in early 2026, elevated tariffs and affordability pressures could prolong price pressures. For small-cap firms, which often lack the pricing power of their large-cap counterparts, this environment exacerbates margin compression and refinancing risks. The Russell 2000's heavy exposure to regional banks and capital-intensive industries further amplifies its vulnerability to a "higher-for-longer" rate policy.

The Federal Reserve's policy trajectory also introduces uncertainty. Despite market expectations of two rate cuts in 2025, the probability of a May 2025 cut has fallen below 20%, reflecting the central bank's cautious stance. A delayed pivot could delay the easing conditions that historically underpin small-cap rallies. Meanwhile, geopolitical tensions and global fragmentation-exacerbated by AI-driven capital expenditures-add layers of volatility.

A K-Shaped Recovery: Opportunities and Divergence

The U.S. economy is poised for a K-shaped recovery in 2026, where certain sectors and asset classes outperform while others lag. For the Russell 2000, this means divergent outcomes across its components. Industrials and financials, supported by AI infrastructure spending and a normalizing yield curve, could continue to outperform. Conversely, speculative biotech and unprofitable tech subsectors may struggle as investors favor cash-generative mega-cap stocks.

This divergence underscores the importance of active management and sectoral rotation. While the Russell 2000's broader diversification offers resilience, it also exposes investors to underperforming segments. The index's ability to sustain momentum will hinge on its capacity to capitalize on AI-driven growth and fiscal tailwinds while mitigating risks from inflation and policy delays.

Conclusion: A Calculated Bet on Small-Cap Resilience

The Russell 2000's historical performance during Fed easing cycles, coupled with its exposure to domestically driven growth sectors, provides a strong foundation for optimism in 2026. However, the index's susceptibility to inflationary pressures, refinancing challenges, and policy uncertainty necessitates a cautious approach. Investors should prioritize sectors with clear tailwinds-such as industrials and financials-while remaining vigilant about valuation risks and macroeconomic volatility.

As the Fed navigates its delicate balancing act between growth and inflation, the Russell 2000's fate will ultimately depend on the timing and magnitude of rate cuts, the pace of inflation normalization, and the resilience of small-cap earnings. For those willing to weather short-term turbulence, the index's long-term appeal as a high-growth, domestically focused asset class remains intact.