Los cambios en las corrientes de rotación del mercado en 2025: desde la IA hasta los sectores cíclicos y de defensa

The year 2025 has witnessed a dramatic recalibration of global capital flows, as investors grapple with the divergent trajectories of AI-driven growth and the resurgence of cyclical and defensive sectors. This market rotation, driven by macroeconomic shifts and evolving risk perceptions, underscores the need for strategic reallocation and disciplined risk management.

The AI Sector: A Tale of Exuberance and Compression

The AI sector in 2025 has been a double-edged sword. While early-stage startups and niche players in large language models (LLMs) and data intelligence platforms command eye-popping valuation multiples-ranging from 20x to 50x revenue-the broader ecosystem is showing signs of strain. According to Finrofca's report, late-stage AI companies have seen valuations compress as investors demand clearer paths to profitability, with mid-market AI SaaS firms in fintech and healthcare fetching 8x–12x revenue due to their embedded AI capabilities and measurable ROI.

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This compression reflects a maturing market. In 2024, global AI deal value surged by 52%, but 2025 has seen a shift toward quality over quantity. Investors now prioritize companies with robust annual recurring revenue (ARR) growth and sustainable margins. However, the sector's forward-looking optimism remains fragile. As James Investment notes, the S&P 500's 14.81% year-to-date gain in Q4 2025 was accompanied by deteriorating earnings fundamentals, a trend that raises questions about the durability of AI-driven valuations.

Cyclical Sectors: Reaping the Rewards of Macro Tailwinds

In contrast, cyclical sectors have emerged as beneficiaries of a more favorable macroeconomic environment. Moderating inflation and the unwinding of front-loaded activity from earlier in 2025, along with a cautious approach to growth, have spurred a rotation into Communication Services, Industrials, and Health Care. According to Schwab's monthly outlook, these sectors are leveraging AI adoption to enhance productivity and margins.

Valuation metrics further highlight this shift. Cyclical sectors, including Consumer Discretionary and Financials, sport a forward P/E ratio of 22.5 in Q4 2025-well above their 5-year average of 19.9-driven by valuation expansion rather than earnings growth. Meanwhile, the Financials sector has thrived on a downward interest rate path and disciplined capital management, with buybacks and earnings growth outpacing expectations according to SSGA's equity compass. This suggests that cyclical stocks are being priced for a recovery, even as broader economic uncertainties persist.

Defensive Sectors: A Safe Harbor Amid Volatility

Defensive sectors, such as Consumer Staples and Healthcare, have provided a counterbalance to the AI and cyclical rotation. In November 2025, defensive assets outperformed as investors fled overvalued tech stocks, seeking stability in a market increasingly wary of AI's profitability risks. JPMorgan's market review notes that Consumer Staples posted a modest 1.60% year-to-date return but declined 2.31% in September, reflecting the sector's resilience amid shifting investor sentiment according to James Investment.

While defensive sectors lack the growth allure of AI, their low P/E ratios and stable cash flows make them attractive in a risk-off environment. For instance, Healthcare's steady demand and regulatory tailwinds position it as a hedge against macroeconomic volatility according to Longterm Trends. However, these sectors' underperformance in 2025 underscores the challenge of balancing growth and safety in a market where AI's exuberance and cyclical optimism dominate.

Macro Drivers: The Forces Behind the Rotation

The rotation away from AI and toward cyclical and defensive sectors is not arbitrary. Three macroeconomic forces are at play:
1. Moderating Inflation: A gradual easing of inflationary pressures has reduced the urgency for aggressive rate hikes, allowing cyclical sectors to benefit from lower borrowing costs and improved consumer spending according to Intech Investments.
2. Interest Rate Uncertainty: A cautious approach to growth, coupled with the Federal Reserve's signaling of a potential rate cut in 2025, has prompted investors to rebalance portfolios toward value stocks and international markets according to Finsyn.
3. AI Profitability Concerns: As Finsyn highlights, investor skepticism about AI's ability to deliver on its ambitious growth targets has fueled a "rotation trade" away from big tech, with defensive sectors acting as a safe harbor.

Strategic Reallocation and Risk Management

For investors, the 2025 rotation presents both opportunities and risks. A strategic reallocation should prioritize:
- Diversification: Balancing AI's high-growth potential with cyclical and defensive assets to mitigate sector-specific risks.

• Valuation Discipline: Avoiding overexposure to AI's stretched multiples while capitalizing on cyclical sectors' earnings-driven growth.
• Macro Alignment: Positioning portfolios to benefit from moderating inflation and potential rate cuts, particularly in Financials and Industrials.

As the market navigates these shifting tides, the key to success lies in adaptability. AI will remain a cornerstone of innovation, but its volatility demands a counterweight in sectors that offer stability and resilience.