Revival of the Siamese Crocodile: A Conservation Success Story in Cambodia

The Siamese crocodile (Crocodylus siamensis), once teetering on the brink of extinction, has made a remarkable comeback in Cambodia. This critically endangered species was feared to be extinct in the wild until its rediscovery in the Cardamom Mountains in 2000. Since then, concerted conservation efforts by Fauna & Flora International (FFI) and the Cambodian government have led to a significant increase in the wild population.

The local Indigenous People's reverence for the Siamese crocodile has been instrumental in its survival. Their taboo against killing or harming the reptile has provided a crucial layer of protection. Additionally, community-led monitoring and anti-poaching activities have helped safeguard key breeding sites, ensuring the species' continued survival.


Habitat restoration and anti-poaching efforts have played a pivotal role in the Siamese crocodile's recovery. The creation of protected areas and the enforcement of conservation measures have provided a safe haven for the crocodiles to breed and thrive. Furthermore, the successful reintroduction of captive-bred crocodiles into the wild has bolstered the population.

The conservation-breeding and reintroduction program has been particularly effective in boosting the wild population. Since 2012, a total of 196 captive-bred Siamese crocodiles have been released into safe areas and suitable habitats in the Cardamom Mountains. This program has not only increased the number of crocodiles in the wild but also helped restore genetic diversity within the population.


Despite these successes, the Siamese crocodile still faces several challenges. Habitat loss, poaching, and climate change remain significant threats to its long-term survival. To address these challenges, continued collaboration between conservation organizations, local communities, and the Cambodian government is essential. Strengthening protection of key sites within Cardamom National Park, shielding these habitats from threats such as deforestation and poaching, and implementing sustainable land-use practices are crucial for the crocodile's long-term survival.

The revival of the Siamese crocodile in Cambodia serves as a beacon of hope for other critically endangered species. By combining community-led conservation, habitat restoration, and captive breeding programs, it is possible to bring species back from the brink of extinction. As we continue to face the challenges of climate change and biodiversity loss, the lessons learned from the Siamese crocodile's conservation success story can guide our efforts to protect and preserve the natural world.