Ciberdelincuencia y riesgos criptográficos en Corea del Norte: evaluación del impacto en la seguridad de la cadena de bloques y en las estrategias de inversión de las DeFi

The cryptocurrency sector, once hailed as a bastion of decentralization and financial sovereignty, now faces a shadowy adversary: North Korea's state-sponsored cybercriminals. From 2024 to 2025, North Korean actors have escalated their attacks on blockchain networks and DeFi platforms, stealing $2.02 billion in 2025 alone-a 51% increase from the previous year-and pushing their total haul to $6.75 billion. This surge in cybercrime is not just a technical threat but a geopolitical and economic wildcard, reshaping risk assessments for investors and developers alike.

The Escalation of North Korean Cybercrime in Crypto

North Korea's cyber operations have evolved from opportunistic hacks to highly coordinated, AI-driven campaigns. The February 2025 breach of Bybit, where $1.5 billion in crypto assets were stolen, exemplifies their focus on high-value targets. Unlike traditional cybercriminals, North Korean actors operate with state backing, using stolen funds to circumvent UN sanctions and finance nuclear programs. According to a report by The Record, North Korea accounted for 76% of all service compromises in terms of value stolen in 2025, cementing its dominance in crypto-related cybercrime.

Tactics and Targets: How North Korea Operates

North Korean hackers have shifted from brute-force attacks to sophisticated social engineering. They now impersonate recruiters or investors to infiltrate crypto firms, harvesting credentials through tailored phishing campaigns . For instance, AI-generated personas and deepfakes are used to bypass KYC protocols, enabling seamless access to sensitive systems. Once inside, attackers exploit vulnerabilities in centralized exchanges (CEXs) and DeFi platforms, leveraging cross-chain bridges and Chinese-language laundering services to obscure their tracks.

The Bybit attack underscores this strategy: attackers used insider knowledge to bypass security layers, demonstrating how even well-funded platforms remain vulnerable to human error and compromised credentials.

Financial and Geopolitical Implications

The financial impact of these attacks extends beyond immediate losses. Stolen crypto funds directly support North Korea's military ambitions, undermining global security and increasing the likelihood of retaliatory measures from Western governments. As stated by the FBI's 2024 PSA, North Korean cyber-financing has become a critical lifeline for its regime, with stolen assets funneled into missile development and nuclear research. For investors, this creates a dual risk: market instability from geopolitical tensions and direct exposure to platform vulnerabilities.

Mitigation Strategies for Blockchain Security

Organizations must adopt a multi-layered defense strategy. Key recommendations include:
1. Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA): Enforce MFA for all user and admin accounts to prevent credential theft.
2. Network Segmentation: Isolate critical systems to limit lateral movement by attackers.
3. Employee Training: Regularly simulate social engineering attacks to build awareness.
4. Blockchain Transparency Tools: Deploy distributed ledger technology to enhance transaction traceability and detect anomalous activity.

For DeFi platforms, smart contract audits and decentralized identity verification can reduce exposure to insider threats. However, these measures require significant investment, which smaller platforms may struggle to justify-a gap North Korean actors exploit ruthlessly.

Investment Strategies for DeFi in a High-Risk Landscape

Investors must balance innovation with caution. Here's how:
- Due Diligence on Security: Prioritize projects with transparent security audits, active bug bounty programs, and proven track records. Avoid platforms with opaque governance or unverified smart contracts.
- Diversification: Allocate capital across both centralized and decentralized protocols to mitigate platform-specific risks. For example, while CEXs remain vulnerable to breaches, DeFi protocols face unique challenges like oracle manipulation and liquidity pool exploits.
- Hedge Against Geopolitical Risks: Consider assets less correlated to traditional crypto markets, such as stablecoins backed by fiat reserves or tokens tied to physical commodities.
- Support Security Innovation: Invest in blockchain security firms and protocols developing AI-driven threat detection tools. These companies stand to benefit as the industry grapples with escalating cyber threats.

Conclusion

North Korea's cybercrime operations have transformed the crypto landscape, turning security into a non-negotiable investment criterion. While the sector's innovation potential remains intact, the risks are now more acute and multifaceted. For investors, the path forward lies in rigorous due diligence, strategic diversification, and a willingness to fund the next generation of security solutions. As the line between technological progress and geopolitical conflict blurs, the crypto industry must adapt-or face a future where innovation is overshadowed by instability.