Navegando por los peligros ocultos: cómo identificar y evitar trampas en DeFi y Crypto

The DeFi and crypto space has long been a double-edged sword: innovation and opportunity coexist with fraud and chaos. Rug pulls, in particular, have become a defining risk for investors. In Q3-Q4 2025, rug pulls accounted for 37% of all crypto scam revenue, costing investors nearly $3 billion annually. While the number of rug pull incidents dropped by 66% compared to 2024, the financial impact per incident has surged, with early 2025 losses totaling $6 billion. This shift signals a transition from volume-driven fraud to high-stakes, sophisticated attacks.

The Anatomy of a Rug Pull

Rug pulls exploit the lack of oversight in decentralized ecosystems. A 2025 study revealed that 98% of new tokens on decentralized exchanges (DEXs) exhibit fraudulent characteristics within 24 hours of launch. Attackers employ tactics like:
- Smart contract vulnerabilities: Projects like Mobius and LND lost millions due to mathematical errors and access control flaws.
- Admin privilege abuse: The Zunami Protocol case highlights how overly broad permissions allowed an admin to drain $500,000.
- Price manipulation: Magnate Finance altered its price oracle to execute a $6.4 million rug pull.
- Social engineering: The $LIBRA memecoin, promoted by Argentina's president, drained $100 million from liquidity pools.

These examples underscore a critical truth: rug pulls are not random events but calculated exploits of systemic weaknesses.

Risk Mitigation: The Role of Due Diligence

Avoiding rug pulls requires a proactive approach. Investors must treat DeFi projects like startups, scrutinizing every layer of risk.

1. Smart Contract Audits
   A foundational step is verifying that a project's smart contracts have been audited by reputable firms. For instance, the Cork Protocol hack-where attackers tricked the protocol into transferring $12 million-could have been prevented with rigorous code review. Platforms like Halborn and Cyfrin offer transparency tools to assess contract security.

2. Team and Project Transparency
   Rug pulls often involve anonymous teams. The Kokomo Finance case, where developers disappeared with $5.5 million, exemplifies the dangers of opacity. Investors should demand verifiable identities, track records, and open communication channels.

3. Liquidity and Tokenomics Analysis
   Red flags include low liquidity, sudden token burns, or unexplained supply changes. The SHARPEI memecoin rug pull ($50.6 million lost) was preceded by abnormal liquidity pool behavior. Tools like TokenMetrics and Elliptic help detect such anomalies.

4. Regulatory and Chain-Specific Risks
   Chains like Ethereum, BSC, and zkSync remain top targets . Investors should prioritize projects on chains with robust governance and active security communities.

The Future of Rug Pull Prevention

The crypto community is adapting. Advanced fraud detection tools, such as Nominis and Quillaudits, now automate risk assessments. Additionally, protocols are adopting transparent governance models and multi-signature wallets to limit admin privileges.

However, individual responsibility remains key. As Coinledger's 2025 Crypto Crime Report notes, rug pulls thrive in environments of complacency. Investors must treat due diligence as a non-negotiable process, not an afterthought.

Conclusion

The DeFi space is evolving, but so are its threats. Rug pulls are no longer the domain of amateur scammers; they are now sophisticated, high-impact attacks. By prioritizing smart contract transparency, rigorous due diligence, and continuous education, investors can mitigate risks and protect their assets. The future of DeFi depends on building ecosystems where innovation and security coexist-not at the expense of one another.