La estrategia de adquisiciones y fusiones agresiva de Merck: ¿Un apuesto riesgo estratégico para la revolución en el campo de las terapias farmacéuticas en la era posterior a Keytruda?

Merck's rumored $28–$32 billion acquisition of Revolution Medicines represents a high-stakes gamble to secure its future in oncology. As the pharmaceutical giant faces the impending patent expiration of Keytruda-a drug that generated $32.2 billion in 2025 revenue-the deal underscores Merck's urgency to diversify its portfolio and hedge against a projected 77% decline in Keytruda sales by 2032. Revolution Medicines, with its pipeline of RAS(ON) inhibitors targeting some of the most intractable cancers, could provide the strategic lifeline Merck needs to navigate a competitive oncology landscape increasingly defined by innovation in RAS-targeted therapies.

The Strategic Rationale: Filling the Keytruda Gap

Merck's reliance on Keytruda, its flagship PD-1 inhibitor, has been both a blessing and a curse. While the drug drove 10% year-over-year revenue growth in Q3 2025, reaching $8.1 billion in sales, its patent cliff in 2028 looms as an existential threat. Analysts project Keytruda's revenue will plummet to just over $7 billion by 2032, even with lifecycle management strategies like the subcutaneous formulation Keytruda Qlex. To offset this, Merck has launched a $3 billion cost-cutting initiative and is prioritizing acquisitions to replenish its pipeline. Revolution Medicines, with its focus on RAS mutations-a long-sought target in oncology-aligns perfectly with this strategy.

Revolution's lead asset, daraxonrasib, is a RAS(ON) multi-selective inhibitor in pivotal trials for pancreatic and non-small cell lung cancers. The drug has received FDA Breakthrough Therapy Designation for both indications, and its potential to address RAS G12D mutations-common in pancreatic cancer-positions it as a differentiator in a market where first-generation RAS inhibitors like Amgen's Lumakras and Bristol-Myers' Krazati face resistance challenges. Merck's acquisition would grant access to a pipeline that includes not only daraxonrasib but also elironrasib and zoldonrasib, which are being studied for RAS G12C and G12D mutations, respectively according to First Word Pharma.

The RAS Inhibitor Landscape: A $7.8 Billion Opportunity by 2034

The RAS inhibitor market, valued at $526 million in 2025, is projected to grow to $7.8 billion by 2034, driven by demand for therapies that overcome resistance mechanisms. Revolution Medicines' RAS(ON) platform, which targets the active, GTP-bound form of RAS proteins, is positioned to capture a significant share of this growth. The company's recent $2 billion funding agreement with Royalty Pharma and a 17% stock surge in late 2025 reflect investor confidence in its potential. However, the acquisition's success hinges on clinical outcomes: daraxonrasib's Phase 3 trials in pancreatic and lung cancers must demonstrate robust efficacy to justify the premium valuation.

Merck's entry into this space also faces competition. Companies like Amgen and Bristol-Myers are advancing their own RAS inhibitors, while startups such as Amunix and Relay Therapeutics are exploring novel approaches. Yet, Revolution's pipeline breadth and Merck's global commercialization infrastructure could create a moat. As one analyst notes, "This deal isn't just about filling a pipeline gap-it's about securing a platform that can address multiple RAS mutations across tumor types."

Mitigating the Patent Cliff: A Multi-Pronged Approach

While Revolution Medicines is a cornerstone of Merck's strategy, the company is also pursuing complementary initiatives. Keytruda Qlex, approved in September 2025, aims to extend the drug's lifecycle by offering a more convenient subcutaneous formulation. Additionally, Merck is investing in next-generation immunotherapies and expanding Keytruda's indications to delay biosimilar erosion. However, these measures are stopgaps. The acquisition of Revolution Medicines, if successful, would provide a long-term revenue driver in a market where RAS-targeted therapies are expected to dominate.

The financial risks are substantial. At $32 billion, the deal would be the largest biotech acquisition since Pfizer's $43 billion purchase of Seagen in 2023. Merck's price-to-book ratio of 1.3x suggests it has room to absorb debt, but the high valuation of Revolution Medicines-trading at 4.1x industry average price-to-book-raises questions about whether the premium is justified by clinical potential.

Conclusion: A High-Risk, High-Reward Bet

Merck's pursuit of Revolution Medicines is a bold move to secure its post-Keytruda future. The acquisition's success will depend on three factors: (1) the clinical validation of daraxonrasib and other RAS(ON) inhibitors, (2) Merck's ability to integrate Revolution's pipeline into its commercial infrastructure, and (3) the competitive dynamics in the RAS inhibitor market. If daraxonrasib achieves regulatory approval and gains market share, the deal could transform Merck's oncology portfolio. However, if clinical trials falter or biosimilars erode Keytruda's revenue faster than anticipated, the acquisition may prove insufficient to offset the patent cliff.

For investors, the Merck-RVMD deal is a case study in the high-stakes M&A strategies of Big Pharma. In an industry where blockbuster drugs are increasingly short-lived, the ability to acquire and develop innovative platforms is becoming a survival imperative. Merck's bet on Revolution Medicines is not just about buying a pipeline-it's about buying time to redefine its role in the next era of oncology.