Mary E. Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell, and Shimon Sakaguchi awarded 2025 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for discoveries in peripheral immune tolerance.

Mary E. Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell, and Shimon Sakaguchi awarded 2025 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for discoveries in peripheral immune tolerance.

Three distinguished scientists—Mary E. Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell, and Shimon Sakaguchi—have been awarded the 2025 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. The Nobel Assembly at Karolinska Institutet in Stockholm announced the award on October 6, 2025, recognizing their groundbreaking discoveries concerning peripheral immune tolerance .

The annual Nobel Prizes, established in the will of Alfred Nobel, cover achievements in physics, chemistry, medicine, literature, and peace. A prize in economic sciences was added in 1968 by Sweden’s central bank. This year's medicine Nobel highlights the importance of immune tolerance in maintaining health and preventing diseases.

The laureates' work focuses on understanding how the immune system can recognize and tolerate foreign substances, a crucial mechanism for preventing autoimmune disorders and ensuring proper functioning of transplanted organs. Their discoveries have significant implications for the development of new therapies and treatments, particularly in the fields of immunology and transplantation.

This year's award follows a trend of recognizing pivotal advancements in medicine. Notable past winners include those who discovered insulin in 1923, penicillin in 1945, and the molecular structure of DNA in 1962. The Nobel Prizes continue to celebrate and honor the most outstanding contributions to science and humanity.