El ascenso estratégico de la India en las cadenas de suministro tecnológico mundial: Oportunidades de inversión en la era de la “Pax Silica”

The U.S.-led Pax Silica initiative, launched in 2025 to secure semiconductor and AI supply chains, has emerged as a pivotal force in reshaping global technology ecosystems. While India was initially excluded from the alliance's founding members, recent developments suggest its inclusion as a full member by early 2026. This shift underscores India's growing strategic importance in a world increasingly defined by economic security as national security. For investors, the implications are profound: India's integration into Pax Silica could catalyze a surge in domestic tech infrastructure, AI development, and rare earths processing, positioning the country as a linchpin in the next phase of global semiconductor and AI investment.

The Case for India in Pax Silica

India's exclusion from the initial phase of Pax Silica was attributed to its underdeveloped advanced semiconductor manufacturing capabilities and limited critical mineral processing infrastructure. However, U.S. Under Secretary of State for Economic Affairs Jacob Helberg emphasized that this was not a political decision but a recognition of India's current limitations. The U.S. now views India as a "highly strategic potential partner" for supply chain security, a sentiment reinforced by India's recent investments in semiconductor manufacturing and rare earths.

India's National Semiconductor Mission, launched in 2022, has already attracted $8.6 billion in investments for 10 manufacturing facilities by 2025. Projects like the Tata Group's collaboration with Powerchip Semiconductor to produce 50,000 wafers monthly by early 2026 highlight India's ambition to scale up production. Meanwhile, the National Critical Minerals Mission (NCMM), launched in 2025, aims to reduce import dependency for rare earths and other critical minerals. These efforts align with Pax Silica's goals of diversifying supply chains away from China, which dominates 60-70% of global rare earth processing.

Strategic Partnerships and Investment Flows

India's partnerships with Japan and South Korea are accelerating its integration into global semiconductor and rare earths networks. In 2025, India and Japan signed a Memorandum of Cooperation on semiconductor supply chains, leading to projects like Renesas Electronics' OSAT facility in Gujarat and collaborations with IIT Hyderabad to boost R&D. South Korea, meanwhile, is leveraging its expertise in memory chips and materials engineering to support India's semiconductor ambitions. South Korean firms like Samsung and SK Hynix are investing in India's testing and packaging capabilities, while the Korea Investment Corporation (KIC) has opened an office in Mumbai to explore further opportunities.

In rare earths, India's Indian Rare Earths Limited (IREL) is pursuing joint ventures with Japanese and South Korean partners to develop magnet production capabilities. A $786 million expansion of India's rare earth magnet incentive program, awaiting cabinet approval, aims to attract global manufacturers to establish local subsidiaries. These initiatives are part of a broader Quad-driven strategy to reduce reliance on China, with India's monazite and bastnaesite reserves offering a critical resource base.

AI and the Future of Tech Infrastructure

India's AI development is also gaining momentum, supported by U.S. investments and strategic frameworks like the Initiative on Critical and Emerging Technologies (iCET). A 2024 MoU between the U.S. and India on semiconductor supply chains has paved the way for deeper collaboration in AI infrastructure. U.S. tech giants like Microsoft, Amazon, and Google are expanding their cloud and AI operations in India, while domestic startups are leveraging India's engineering talent pool to develop niche applications.

The India-AI Impact Summit 2026, set to be hosted in New Delhi, will further cement India's role in global AI discourse. For investors, this signals a shift from India as a service provider to a hub for innovation in AI-driven technologies.

Risks and Opportunities

While India's trajectory is promising, challenges remain. Its semiconductor industry still lags behind global leaders like South Korea and China, and rare earths processing infrastructure is nascent. However, the U.S. and its Pax Silica allies are likely to provide technical and financial support to bridge these gaps. For instance, the U.S. has already signed Technology Prosperity Deals (TPDs) with Japan and South Korea to align regulatory frameworks and boost cooperation in AI and semiconductors. India's inclusion in such frameworks could unlock access to advanced manufacturing technologies and capital.

Investors should also monitor India's trade negotiations with the U.S. and its alignment with Pax Silica's security goals. While unresolved disputes over market access and intellectual property rights could delay full integration, the broader trend toward decoupling from China's supply chains favors India's long-term prospects.

Conclusion

India's potential inclusion in the Pax Silica alliance marks a turning point in its economic and technological evolution. By leveraging its demographic dividend, strategic partnerships, and growing investments in semiconductors, AI, and rare earths, India is poised to become a critical node in the global tech supply chain. For investors, the opportunities are clear: early bets on India's semiconductor infrastructure, AI startups, and rare earths processing could yield substantial returns as the country transitions from a peripheral player to a central actor in the U.S.-led silicon supply chain.