Fenómeno de mercado de emisiones públicas de acciones de India: desbloqueando oportunidades de capital de riesgo a largo plazo en sectores de alto crecimiento

India's IPO market has entered a golden era, with 2024 marking a historic milestone as 298 companies raised a combined 1.406 trillion rupees, a 139% surge in fundraising volumes compared to 2023 according to market intelligence reports. This momentum, driven by a confluence of favorable economic conditions, a burgeoning retail investor base, and sector-specific tailwinds, has positioned India as a global capital-raising powerhouse. For long-term equity investors, the current IPO boom offers a unique window to capitalize on high-growth sectors poised for sustained expansion through 2030.

The 2024–2025 IPO Surge: A Structural Shift

The Indian IPO market's transformation is not merely cyclical but structural. In 2023, 60 mainboard IPOs saw 80% record listing-day gains, with smaller IPOs (under INR 2 billion) outperforming larger ones by a 37% to 29% margin. This trend accelerated in 2024, with the National Stock Exchange (NSE) and BSE Ltd. absorbing jumbo IPOs like Hyundai's Indian subsidiary ($3.3 billion) and Swiggy's debut. The SME segment further amplified this growth, with over 300 listings contributing to a 22.6% increase in the number of IPOs year-over-year.

Retail investor participation has been a critical catalyst. Demat accounts surged from 41 million in March 2020 to 171 million by August 2023, reflecting a democratization of capital access. Meanwhile, institutional confidence is evident in the $885 million inflows into November 2025 IPOs, offsetting broader FPI outflows. This resilience underscores India's capital markets' maturity, now capable of financing a $100 billion-plus listing like Reliance Jio's anticipated 2025 debut.

Sector-Specific Tailwinds: Where to Invest for the Long Term

1. Renewable Energy and Green Tech
India's push for 500 GW of renewable energy capacity by 2030 has created a fertile ground for IPOs in solar, wind, and battery storage. The green energy segment, which averaged 35.7% listing-day gains in 2023, is set to benefit from government subsidies, PLI schemes, and rising energy demand. Companies like NTPC Green Energy, which raised significant capital in 2024, exemplify the sector's scalability.

2. Telecom and Digital Infrastructure
The telecom sector absorbed $1.061 billion in FPI inflows in November 2025, driven by the absorption of Singtel's stake sale. With India's 5G rollout gaining traction and Reliance Jio's IPO on the horizon, the sector is primed for consolidation and innovation. Long-term investors should focus on firms leveraging AI and edge computing to optimize network efficiency.

3. Healthcare and Biopharma
India's healthcare sector, projected to grow at a 5.92% CAGR to $88.86 billion by 2030, is another IPO hotspot. The "Pharmacy of the World" moniker is reinforced by India's role in global vaccine and generic drug supply chains. Startups in diagnostics, telemedicine, and biotech-such as Urban Company and PhysicsWallah-are attracting retail and institutional demand with their disruptive business models.

4. Fintech and SaaS
The fintech sector, bolstered by India's 500 million digital payments ecosystem, is seeing a wave of IPOs from platforms like Groww and Lenskart. SaaS firms, particularly in AI infrastructure, projected to reach $17 billion by 2027, are also gaining traction. These companies benefit from India's young, tech-savvy population and a regulatory environment that encourages innovation.

The 2025–2030 Outlook: Policy-Driven Growth and Sector Breakouts

Government policies will be pivotal in sustaining this momentum. The PLI scheme for semiconductors and EVs, coupled with initiatives like SEMICON India, is creating a self-reliant manufacturing ecosystem. McKinsey estimates India could unlock $2 trillion in revenue across 18 high-growth sectors by 2030, including electric vehicles, urban construction, and biopharma.

For investors, the key is to identify IPOs with strong unit economics and scalable business models. Startups in AI, SaaS, and clean tech- expected to dominate the 2025–2030 IPO pipeline-offer asymmetric upside. However, caution is warranted in sectors like IT, which faced $549 million in FPI outflows in November 2025 due to global macroeconomic headwinds.

Conclusion: A Strategic Play for Long-Term Equity Investors

India's IPO market surge is not a fleeting trend but a structural shift driven by demographic, technological, and policy-driven forces. For long-term investors, the focus should be on sectors with durable demand-renewables, healthcare, and digital infrastructure-and companies with first-mover advantages in these arenas. With 85 IPOs in the pipeline as of November 2024, the window to participate in India's next phase of growth is wide open.