Cambios geopolíticos y la política petrolera de los Estados Unidos: una perspectiva de inversión para el año 2026, en relación con los precios del gas y las rentabilidades energéticas

The U.S. energy landscape in 2025 has been reshaped by a combination of regulatory rollbacks, geopolitical maneuvering, and the tantalizing promise of alternative oil reserves. As gas prices hit five-year lows in December 2025, investors are grappling with a critical question: Will the Trump administration's deregulatory push or the potential unlocking of Venezuela's vast oil reserves prove more pivotal in stabilizing prices and generating returns?

Regulatory Rollbacks and Domestic Production Booms

The 2025 policy reset under the Trump administration has prioritized domestic fossil fuel expansion. By reopening federal lands and offshore areas for oil and gas leasing in January 2025, the administration aimed to boost production and reduce reliance on foreign imports according to industry analysis. This move, coupled with the repeal of the Inflation Reduction Act's methane emissions fee in February 2025, has significantly lowered compliance costs for oil firms, incentivizing increased output.

The proposed 25% tariff on Canadian crude imports, while still in the proposal phase, has already introduced regional volatility. Analysts estimate this could raise Midwest and Rocky Mountain gas prices by 30–75 cents per gallon, underscoring the sensitivity of U.S. markets to cross-border policy shifts. Meanwhile, the administration's push to revive LNG exports and streamline permitting for fossil fuel projects has further bolstered domestic production, with West Texas Intermediate crude dipping below $55 per barrel in 2025-a direct reflection of these policy-driven dynamics .

These regulatory changes have had an immediate impact on gas prices. By December 2025, the national average had fallen to $2.812 per gallon, a 7.5% drop from the previous year, driven by strong gasoline supplies and cheaper winter-blend fuel. While prices remain 21% above 2019 levels, the decline signals a short-term stabilization effect from deregulation .

Venezuela's Untapped Potential: A High-Risk, High-Reward Proposition

In contrast, the U.S. pivot toward Venezuela's oil sector presents a long-term but uncertain opportunity. Venezuela holds 303 billion barrels of proven reserves-the largest in the world-but its output languishes at 800,000–1.14 million barrels per day due to decades of mismanagement and U.S. sanctions according to industry reports. The Trump administration's recent overtures to revive Venezuela's oil infrastructure, including redirecting exports from China to the U.S. Gulf Coast, could theoretically flood global markets with heavy, sour crude as analysis suggests. However, this vision faces monumental hurdles.

Restoring Venezuela's production to 1.5 million barrels per day would require $10–20 billion in investment, while reaching 3 million barrels per day would demand $100 billion over a decade according to CFR analysis. U.S. majors like ExxonMobil and Chevron, already burdened by past losses from Venezuela's 2007 nationalization, are hesitant to commit capital in an environment of political instability and global oversupply . Moreover, the current $55-per-barrel oil price environment reduces the financial incentive for such high-risk ventures.

Regulatory vs. Reserve-Driven Dynamics: A Comparative Analysis

While Venezuela's reserves are technically vast, the U.S. domestic regulatory environment has already delivered measurable price stabilization. The 2025 policy shifts have directly increased production and reduced costs for oil firms, creating a more immediate impact on gas prices than the speculative potential of Venezuela. For investors, this translates to a clearer near-term return on capital deployed in domestic energy projects, particularly in shale-rich regions like the Permian Basin, where production costs are lower and regulatory clarity is higher as noted by policy experts.

Venezuela, however, remains a wildcard. If political stability and investment flow materialize, its oil could undercut global prices in the long term. Yet, the high capital requirements, geopolitical risks, and current market conditions make this a speculative bet rather than a near-term certainty.

Investment Implications for 2026

For energy investors, the 2025 policy reset suggests a near-term focus on domestic producers benefiting from deregulation and tax incentives. Companies with access to U.S. Gulf Coast refineries, which are optimized for heavy crude, may also gain an edge if Venezuela's oil sector is eventually revitalized. However, the immediate returns are more reliably tied to the regulatory tailwinds currently boosting domestic production.

In the longer term, Venezuela's potential could reshape global energy markets, but only if U.S. and international firms overcome political and financial barriers. Until then, the regulatory environment-rather than alternative reserves-will remain the dominant force in shaping gas prices and investment returns.