Ethereum's Vitalik Buterin Proposes L2 Security Roadmap With 72% Blob Space Expansion

Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin has proposed a roadmap titled "A simple L2 security and finalization roadmap," outlining three core directions for optimizing Ethereum L2 security and finality. The roadmap aims to enhance the scalability, security, and efficiency of the Ethereum network's Layer 2 solutions.

The first direction focuses on scaling data capacity. Through the Pectra upgrade, the Blob space will be increased to 6 in the near term. This expansion is set to meet the L2 transaction throughput requirements. Additionally, the Fusaka upgrade at the end of the year will further expand the Blob space to 72, or incrementally to 12-24, ensuring that the network can handle increased transaction volumes efficiently.

The second direction involves implementing a hybrid proof system for fast finality. This system adopts a 2/3 multisig mechanism, combining optimistic proof, ZK proof, and TEE trusted hardware proof. If both ZK and TEE validate simultaneously, immediate finality is achieved. If only one validates, a 7-day optimistic challenge period is initiated. The security council can emergency upgrade proof logic, but this is subject to a 30-day delay limit, balancing instant finality and attack resistance.

The third direction is building a unified ZK proof aggregation layer. This involves standardizing ecosystem-wide proof aggregation protocols, allowing multiple applications to share the one-time proof cost. For example, a cost of 500k Gas can be shared, significantly reducing ZK verification overhead. This standardization promotes the use of L2, privacy protocols, and other scenarios, enhancing the overall efficiency and security of the Ethereum network.

The ultimate goal of this roadmap is to achieve L2 cross-chain bridging with short-term hybrid verification, finality within 1 hour, and cost reduction. Over time, the reliance on TEE will be phased out, moving towards a long-term full ZK vision. This will establish an efficient, secure, and trustless L2 ecosystem, ensuring that the Ethereum network remains robust and scalable for future demands.