El surgimiento de los pagos transfronterizos en formato token y el papel del blockchain en la financiación global

The global financial landscape is undergoing a seismic shift as tokenized cross-border payments emerge as a cornerstone of modern finance. Driven by advancements in blockchain technology and regulatory clarity, stablecoins have transitioned from speculative assets to foundational infrastructure for international transactions. By 2025, stablecoins processed over $32 trillion in total transactions, with $5.7 trillion specifically attributed to cross-border payments-a figure that underscores their growing dominance in a market projected to reach $320 billion by 2030. This transformation is not merely technological but strategic, redefining how institutions approach infrastructure innovation and future-proof investments in digital finance.

The Infrastructure Revolution: From Legacy Systems to Tokenized Solutions

Blockchain's disruptive potential lies in its ability to eliminate intermediaries, reduce settlement times, and lower costs. Traditional cross-border payments, which often take 3–5 business days and incur high fees, are being outpaced by blockchain-based solutions that settle transactions in under three minutes. This efficiency is reshaping the competitive dynamics of the financial sector. For instance, Mastercard's strategic alliances with entities like the ADI Foundation have enabled stablecoin-based settlements for domestic and international transactions, while Ripple's RLUSD stablecoin and CBDC pilots highlight the convergence of enterprise blockchain and central bank innovation.

The infrastructure layer is equally critical. Swift's recent addition of a blockchain-based shared ledger to its network exemplifies how legacy systems are adapting to real-time, 24/7 cross-border payments. Meanwhile, the Deloitte Center for Financial Services predicts that 1 in 4 large-value international money transfers will settle on blockchain platforms by 2030, potentially saving over $50 billion annually. These developments signal a shift from siloed, permissioned systems to interoperable, tokenized infrastructures that prioritize speed, transparency, and scalability.

Regulatory Catalysts and Market Adoption

Regulatory frameworks have played a pivotal role in legitimizing stablecoins. The U.S. GENIUS Act, passed in July 2025, provided a clear legal pathway for stablecoin adoption, spurring institutional participation and mainstream integration. Similarly, Europe's MiCA (Markets in Crypto-Assets) regulation has fostered a predictable environment for stablecoin issuers and users. These frameworks have enabled financial institutions to tokenize commercial bank deposits and explore stablecoin-based solutions, as seen in JPMorgan's blockchain-driven reconciliation systems.

Emerging markets are also leveraging blockchain for cross-border inclusion. The China-Vietnam cross-border QR code payment system, which uses blockchain to facilitate regional trade, demonstrates how tokenized solutions can bridge gaps in traditional banking infrastructure. Such initiatives highlight the dual benefits of financial inclusion and operational efficiency, particularly in regions with underdeveloped payment ecosystems.

Investment Trends: From Experimentation to Inevitability

Investors are increasingly allocating capital to blockchain infrastructure projects that underpin tokenized cross-border payments. Stablecoin supply has surged from $5 billion to $305 billion in five years, with private entities like Tether and Circle expanding alongside bank-issued tokenized deposits. This diversification reflects a maturing market where stablecoins are no longer viewed as speculative but as essential components of global liquidity management.

The Federal Reserve's FedNow system, while a domestic competitor, cannot match the borderless nature of stablecoins. As McKinsey notes, stablecoins currently represent less than 1% of global daily money flows but are poised to disrupt traditional payment rails within a decade. For investors, this trajectory underscores the importance of prioritizing infrastructure projects that address scalability, regulatory compliance, and user experience-key challenges that will determine long-term viability.

Challenges and the Path Forward

Despite rapid adoption, hurdles remain. Regulatory compliance, privacy concerns, and user experience gaps require sustained innovation. For example, while stablecoins offer 24/7 accessibility, their programmability and transparency must align with evolving anti-money laundering (AML) standards. Institutions like Stripe and Visa are already addressing these issues by integrating blockchain with existing compliance frameworks, but broader industry collaboration will be necessary to achieve universal adoption.

The future of cross-border payments is undeniably tokenized. As stablecoins capture a larger share of the market-projected to reach 20% of global cross-border transactions by 2030-investors must act strategically. This means backing infrastructure projects that prioritize interoperability, security, and regulatory alignment while avoiding short-term, speculative bets. The next decade will belong to those who recognize that blockchain is not just a technological shift but a fundamental reimagining of global finance.