Uso de tarjetas de crédito como un comportamiento financiero estratégico: Navegando la dinámica de riesgo-resultado e impacto de la cartera a largo plazo

The strategic use of credit cards has emerged as a critical component of modern financial planning, offering both opportunities and risks for long-term investment portfolios. As the U.S. credit landscape evolves in 2025, the interplay between credit card interest rates, default trends, and consumer behavior reveals a nuanced picture of risk and reward. This analysis explores how disciplined credit card usage-particularly through rewards programs and credit score management-can influence portfolio growth, while highlighting the dangers of debt mismanagement in an era of rising interest rates and regulatory scrutiny.

The Dual Nature of Credit Cards: Rewards and Risks

Credit cards are inherently dual-edged tools. When used responsibly, they can enhance credit scores, provide liquidity, and generate rewards that contribute to investment capital. For instance, general-purpose credit cards return an average of 1.6 cents per dollar spent through rewards programs, offering a measurable return on everyday purchases. These rewards, when reinvested, can compound over time, potentially boosting portfolio growth. However, the same tools become liabilities when balances are carried forward, as the average APR for credit cards reached 21.39% in Q3 2025, with retail cards averaging a staggering 32.66%.

The Federal Reserve Bank of New York notes that credit card delinquency rates stabilized in 2025 for higher-credit-score households, while subprime borrowers returned to pre-pandemic levels of delinquency. This divergence underscores the importance of credit discipline: those who pay balances in full each month avoid interest costs and build creditworthiness, whereas those relying on revolving debt face eroded returns and heightened financial risk.

Strategic Rewards and Portfolio Growth

Responsible credit card usage can directly enhance investment portfolios. TransUnion's Q1 2025 report found that inflation-adjusted credit card balances declined for prime and near-prime borrowers between 2020 and 2025, despite nominal balance increases. This suggests effective debt management among financially resilient consumers. Meanwhile, rewards programs-when optimized-can generate hundreds of dollars annually in cashback or travel benefits, which can be redirected toward investments or emergency funds.

However, the benefits of rewards are contingent on simplicity and clarity. A J.D. Power study revealed that 65% of cardholders encountered surcharges, and many struggled to understand rewards redemption processes. Complexity in rewards programs risks discouraging users from maximizing their value, thereby reducing potential returns. Premium cardholders, who accept annual fees for high-value benefits, represent a segment where strategic use can yield significant gains-if managed without debt accumulation.

The Cost of Mismanagement: Debt and Risk Erosion

Conversely, irresponsible credit card use poses substantial risks to portfolio growth. Data from the Federal Reserve shows that 53% of cardholders carried revolving debt in 2025, with 22% making only minimum payments. This behavior locks users into high-interest cycles, diverting capital from investments and eroding savings. For example, a $5,000 balance at 21.39% APR would incur over $1,000 in annual interest, significantly reducing the capital available for reinvestment.

Retail credit cards exacerbate this risk. With 90% of retail cards offering maximum APRs above 30%, these products are particularly hazardous for subprime borrowers, who are more likely to carry balances and make minimum payments. The result is a higher annualized charge-off rate compared to general-purpose cards, compounding financial strain and limiting long-term investment capacity.

Macroeconomic and Regulatory Context

The broader economic environment further shapes credit card dynamics. Rising interest rates and inflation have tightened borrowing conditions, with auto loan delinquencies increasing for lower-income households. Meanwhile, the Federal Reserve's anticipated rate cuts in 2025 could alleviate some pressure, improving risk-adjusted returns for consumers with manageable debt levels.

Regulatory proposals, such as a 10% interest rate cap, add another layer of complexity. While intended to protect vulnerable borrowers, such measures could reduce credit availability for those with imperfect credit, potentially increasing financial instability. This highlights the delicate balance between consumer protection and access to liquidity-a key consideration for investors assessing credit-related risks.

Long-Term Implications for Investors

For investors, the strategic use of credit cards reflects broader themes of financial discipline and risk management. TransUnion's data shows that super prime borrowers-now 40.9% of the population in Q3 2025-have seen real debt balances rise due to higher mortgage borrowing, indicating a shift toward secured debt. This trend suggests that consumers with strong credit profiles are leveraging credit to build wealth, while subprime borrowers face stagnation or decline.

Emergency savings trends further illustrate this divide. Bankrate's 2025 report found that 32% of Americans had less emergency savings than at the start of the year, with savings growth concentrated among those experiencing income gains. This underscores the importance of income stability in mitigating credit risk and supporting long-term investment goals.

Conclusion

Credit cards, when used strategically, can be powerful tools for portfolio growth and credit score enhancement. However, their risks-particularly in the context of high interest rates and economic uncertainty-demand disciplined management. Investors must weigh the potential rewards of rewards programs against the dangers of debt accumulation, while policymakers and lenders must address systemic vulnerabilities in subprime lending. As the 2026 outlook remains uncertain, the ability to navigate these dynamics will be critical for maintaining risk-adjusted returns in an evolving financial landscape.