El liderazgo de BYD en el mercado con el crecimiento lento y la competencia cada vez más intensa en los EV: posiciones estratégicas y creación de valor a largo plazo en un sector con un crecimiento lento

The electric vehicle (EV) market, once defined by explosive growth and unmet demand, is maturing into a fiercely competitive arena. In this evolving landscape, BYD has emerged as a dominant force, logging 4.6 million vehicle deliveries in 2025 and surpassing Tesla as the world's largest EV manufacturer. Yet, this leadership is now tested by slowing domestic growth, aggressive price wars, and rising scrutiny over its global expansion. For investors, the critical question is whether BYD's strategic positioning and long-term value creation initiatives can sustain its dominance in a sector where margins are tightening and innovation is accelerating.

Market Dynamics and Competitive Pressures

China remains the epicenter of EV growth, with EVs accounting for 50% of new car sales in 2025. BYD's domestic success-driven by its Blade Battery technology and cost-effective DM-i hybrid systems-has been unparalleled. However, the company's sales growth decelerated in 2025 compared to 2024, as domestic competition intensified. Geely, with 3.02 million units delivered in 2025, and budget-focused rivals like Leapmotor and Xiaomi have fragmented BYD's market share. Internationally, BYD faces skepticism about its ability to compete without perceived state subsidies, while trade barriers, such as the EU's 17.4% countervailing duty, complicate its global ambitions.

Strategic Initiatives and Vertical Integration

BYD's response to these challenges hinges on aggressive R&D investment and vertical integration. In 2023, the company spent $5.46 billion on R&D-6.6% of revenue-surpassing Tesla and Toyota in R&D-to-revenue ratios. This funding targets next-generation technologies, including sodium-ion batteries for affordability and in-house high-performance computing chips for autonomous driving. Vertical integration, from lithium mining to semiconductor design, has further insulated BYD from supply chain volatility and enabled rapid innovation cycles. For instance, the DM-i hybrid system's efficiency improvements have made models like the Qin L and Seal 06 competitive in both price and range.

Global expansion is another pillar of BYD's strategy. New manufacturing facilities in Brazil, Thailand, Hungary, and Turkey aim to bypass tariffs and localize production, while a roll-on/roll-off shipping fleet reduces logistics costs. These moves reflect a shift from volume-driven growth to a focus on technological leadership and profitability. CEO Wang Chuanfu has emphasized avoiding aggressive price competition, instead prioritizing sustainable growth through premium models and advanced features like the in-house "Divine Eye" ADAS system.

Financial Performance and Profitability Strategies

BYD's financials underscore the tension between growth and profitability. Q1 2025 revenue surged 36.4% year-over-year to 170.4 billion RMB (USD 23.5 billion), but net profit doubled to 9.2 billion RMB (USD 1.3 billion) amid rising inventory costs and operational strains. A 30% quarterly profit decline in early 2025-its first in over three years-signals the risks of price wars and inventory overhang. To address this, BYD is targeting the 200,000–300,000 RMB segment to boost average selling prices and expanding into the premium market above 500,000 RMB. Long-term value creation also relies on global market penetration. BYD's Q1 2025 overseas sales grew 59.8% year-over-year, with plans to deliver 800,000–1 million vehicles outside China in 2025. These efforts are supported by CKD (completely knocked down) plants in key markets and a focus on cost-effective logistics. Meanwhile, R&D investments in solid-state batteries and AI-driven intelligent driving aim to secure a technological edge in the next phase of EV evolution.

Long-Term Value Creation and Future Outlook

BYD's strategic pivot from scale to strength is critical in a maturing EV sector. Its intellectual property portfolio-thousands of patents filed in 2023-positions it to monetize innovations beyond hardware, such as software-defined vehicle platforms. However, challenges persist: regulatory scrutiny over pricing, geopolitical tensions affecting trade, and the need to balance R&D spending with profit margins.

For investors, BYD's ability to maintain its leadership will depend on its execution of these strategies. The company's emphasis on vertical integration, global expansion, and premium product lines suggests a commitment to long-term value creation. Yet, the EV sector's rapid evolution means that even today's leaders must continuously adapt. BYD's 2026 performance, particularly in international markets and profitability, will be a key barometer of its resilience.