Edificación de ventajas competitivas duraderas: la tecnología con alta convicción y las acciones de energía limpia para el crecimiento de 2035

The next decade will be defined by two transformative forces: the global energy transition and the exponential acceleration of technological innovation. For long-term investors targeting 2035, identifying companies with durable competitive advantages in these sectors requires a nuanced understanding of policy alignment, R&D momentum, and market dynamics. This analysis synthesizes recent data to highlight high-conviction opportunities in clean energy and technology, emphasizing how these sectors are interwoven in shaping the future economy.

Clean Energy: The New Industrial Revolution

The clean energy sector is undergoing a structural shift akin to the 19th-century industrial revolution, driven by policy tailwinds and technological breakthroughs. Companies like NextEra Energy and GE Vernova exemplify this trend. NextEra, the world's largest wind and solar generator, has committed $12 billion in solar investments from 2024 to 2027, leveraging the U.S. Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) to reduce costs for domestic solar panels by 30–40% compared to imports. Its $174.79 billion market cap in 2025 reflects confidence in its ability to scale renewable infrastructure while targeting carbon neutrality by 2045.

GE Vernova, spun off from General Electric, is another standout. With a $156.04 billion valuation, it focuses on decarbonization technologies like hydrogen production and carbon capture. Its $9 billion investment in R&D and capital projects through 2028 aligns with the EU's Clean Industrial Deal and the U.S. Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act, creating a moat through policy-driven demand. Similarly, Sungrow Power Supply, the leader in solar inverters with 25.2% global market share, is leveraging its 11.9% energy storage market position to dominate the transition to decentralized energy systems.

The sector's growth is underpinned by massive capital flows. Global clean energy investment reached $2.2 trillion in 2025, doubling fossil fuel spending, while the U.S. alone is projected to require $4–4.5 trillion annually in clean energy by 2030 to meet net-zero targets. These figures suggest that companies with robust supply chains and policy alignment-such as those benefiting from the IRA's Section 45X tax credits-will outperform peers.

Technology: The Semiconductor-AI-Quantum Triad

The technology sector's competitive advantages are increasingly concentrated in three areas: semiconductors, AI, and quantum computing. TSMC, Intel, and Samsung have spent nearly $20 billion collectively on R&D in 2024, with TSMC targeting net-zero emissions by 2050 and Intel committing to 100% renewable energy by 2030. These sustainability pledges are not just ethical posturing; they address the energy demands of advanced chip manufacturing, which requires vast amounts of clean power.

AI is reshaping competitive dynamics through agentic systems that autonomously manage workflows, from supply chain optimization to equipment repair. The market is highly concentrated, with Nvidia, AWS, and ASML dominating key segments. For instance, Nvidia's GPUs power 75% of AI training workloads, creating a barrier to entry for new competitors. Meanwhile, AWS and Microsoft are expanding hybrid cloud environments to support quantum computing, a field where Amazon Braket and D-Wave are pioneering hardware breakthroughs. Amazon's 2025 launch of its proprietary quantum chip Ocelot, and D-Wave's Advantage2 processor with 4,400 qubits signal a race to commercialize quantum applications in drug discovery and cryptography.

Quantum computing's growth is further accelerated by government funding. The U.S., China, and Spain have allocated billions to advance quantum capabilities, with Deloitte projecting four potential 2030 scenarios depending on talent development and infrastructure readiness. Early adopters-such as PsiQuantum and QuEra Computing-are positioning themselves to capture first-mover advantages in industries like materials science and finance.

Synergies Between Sectors: AI-Driven Energy Systems

The interplay between clean energy and technology is critical for long-term growth. AI is already optimizing renewable energy grids, with machine learning algorithms improving solar and wind forecasting accuracy by 20–30%. Cloud computing platforms like AWS and Google Cloud are enabling real-time energy management, while quantum computing's potential to simulate molecular structures could revolutionize battery chemistry and carbon capture.