La paradoja de la productividad de IA: por qué las empresas están reinviertiendo, en vez de despedir trabajadores

The rise of artificial intelligence has long been framed as a double-edged sword: a tool for boosting productivity while posing existential risks to employment. Yet, a striking trend is emerging in 2025 that defies conventional wisdom. According to EY's 2025 AI Pulse Survey, only 17% of AI-driven enterprises have reduced headcount in response to productivity gains, while the majority are reinvesting those gains into innovation, workforce development, and long-term growth strategies. This shift marks a pivotal moment in how firms are redefining the relationship between technology and labor, with profound implications for investors seeking to capitalize on the next phase of AI-driven value creation.

Strategic Reinvestment: Beyond Cost-Cutting to Growth

The data reveals a clear departure from short-term cost-cutting. While 39% of organizations are channeling AI-driven productivity gains into R&D, and 38% are prioritizing upskilling and reskilling initiatives, only a fraction are opting for layoffs. This trend is not merely defensive but forward-looking. Companies are recognizing that AI's true potential lies in its ability to catalyze innovation and expand market opportunities. For instance, 42% of firms are investing in developing new AI capabilities, while 41% are strengthening cybersecurity-a critical area as AI adoption accelerates.

The reinvestment strategy is particularly pronounced in high-growth sectors. In telecom, banking, and technology, firms are leveraging AI to reimagine business models rather than optimize existing ones. The EY report notes that 56% of these organizations have achieved significant positive ROI from AI investments, with measurable outcomes including enhanced customer engagement, streamlined operations, and new revenue streams. For example, generative AI (GenAI) has already contributed to a 1 percentage point boost in U.S. GDP growth in Q2 2025, driven by surging capital spending in software and computing.

The Role of Workforce Development

A critical component of this reinvestment is upskilling. EY's data underscores that 38% of organizations are prioritizing employee training to align with AI's transformative potential. However, challenges persist. The EY 2025 Work Reimagined Survey reveals that only 12% of employees receive sufficient AI training, and 88% are limited to basic applications like document summarization. This gap highlights a key risk: without advanced AI literacy, firms risk underutilizing their investments and forfeiting up to 40% of potential productivity gains.

Investors should therefore favor companies that integrate robust training programs with AI adoption. Firms that combine technology with a "Talent Advantage"-a strategy emphasizing ethical AI operations, real-time monitoring, and performance-based rewards-are outperforming peers in revenue growth and employee retention. These organizations also demonstrate stronger resilience against AI-related risks, such as bias or data privacy breaches, which can erode investor confidence.

Long-Term Growth vs. Short-Term Gains

The EY analysis paints a stark contrast between firms focused on long-term reinvestment and those fixated on short-term cost-cutting. While 96% of AI-investing companies report productivity gains, only 17% have reduced headcount, compared to 47% reinvesting in expanding AI capabilities and 42% developing new ones. This divergence is reshaping competitive dynamics. Companies that treat AI as a growth engine-rather than a cost-reduction tool-are scaling faster, entering new markets, and capturing market share from less agile competitors.

For investors, the implications are clear. Sectors like information technology and professional services, where AI adoption rates have surged, offer fertile ground for compounding returns. Firms with strong governance frameworks-such as real-time AI monitoring and ethical oversight-are also better positioned to sustain growth. EY's data shows these companies achieve higher revenue growth and cost savings compared to those lacking such structures.

Conclusion: Navigating the AI-Driven Future

The AI productivity paradox is not a contradiction but a strategic recalibration. By reinvesting in innovation, upskilling, and R&D, firms are transforming AI from a disruptive force into a catalyst for sustained growth. For investors, the priority is to identify companies that balance technological advancement with human capital development. Those that do will not only mitigate the risks of overreliance on automation but also unlock the full economic potential of AI-a vision EY describes as the "ultimate growth engine".

As the 2025 data makes evident, the winners in this new era will be those who see AI not as a threat to jobs but as an opportunity to reimagine work-and reinvent their industries.