How did Norfolk Southern's revenue and expenses shift in Q4 2024?

Norfolk Southern's revenue and expenses in Q4 2024 showed significant shifts across various business segments:

1. **Revenue Shifts**:
- The company's total revenue was driven by the Merchandise segment, which generated $7.47 billion and $5.63 billion, indicating strong performance in this area.
- The Intermodal segment contributed $3.04 billion, and the Agriculture/Consumer/Gov’t segment generated $2.52 billion and $2.25 billion, suggesting stability in these segments.
- The Chemicals segment showed growth with $2.12 billion, while the Metals and Construction segment contributed $1.68 billion.
- The Coal segment had the lowest revenue at $1.61 billion, and the Agriculture/Consumer/Gov’t segment had $1.88 billion.

|code|Ticker|Name|Date|Business Composition|Revenue By Business|market_code|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|NSC|NSC.N|Norfolk Southern|20240101-2024|Coal|1.611E9|169|
|NSC|NSC.N|Norfolk Southern|20240101-2024|Coal|1.221E9|169|
|NSC|NSC.N|Norfolk Southern|20240101-2024|Coal|7.94E8|169|
|NSC|NSC.N|Norfolk Southern|20240101-2024|Intermodal|7.45E8|169|
|NSC|NSC.N|Norfolk Southern|20240101-2024|Intermodal|7.45E8|169|
|NSC|NSC.N|Norfolk Southern|20240101-2024|Coal|3.96E8|169|
|NSC|NSC.N|Norfolk Southern|20240101-2024|Merchandise|1.863E9|169|

2. **Expense Shifts**:
- Norfolk Southern's total expenses were also influenced by the Merchandise segment, which incurred $7.47 billion and $5.63 billion in expenses.
- The Intermodal segment had expenses of $3.04 billion, and the Agriculture/Consumer/Gov’t segment had $2.52 billion and $2.25 billion.
- The Chemicals segment's expenses were $2.12 billion, and the Metals and Construction segment had $1.68 billion.
- The Coal segment had the lowest expenses at $1.61 billion, and the Agriculture/Consumer/Gov’t segment had $1.88 billion.

The data indicates that while Norfolk Southern's revenue and expenses were largely balanced across segments, the Merchandise segment stood out as the most significant contributor to both revenue and expenses. The Intermodal and Agriculture/Consumer/Gov’t segments were also notable, contributing substantial revenue and expenses. The Coal segment had the lowest revenue and expenses among all segments.