how countries dropped the us dollar

Countries have been reducing their reliance on the US dollar as a reserve currency, medium of exchange, or unit of account through various means, including:

1. **Currency Swaps and Partnerships**: Countries like China and Saudi Arabia have signed currency swap agreements to expand the use of their respective currencies. This reduces the need for trade to be conducted in dollars.
2. **De-dollarization Policies**: Some countries have implemented policies to de-dollarize their economies. For example, Argentina has considered dropping its currency and adopting the US dollar. While this is a significant shift, it is not a common practice, and the legalities and implications would need to be carefully considered.
3. **Trade Channels and Agreements**: Countries are setting up trade channels using currencies other than the dollar. For instance, Russia is settling a quarter of its international trade using Chinese renminbi. This diversification reduces the dominance of the US dollar in international trade.
4. **International Pressure and Sanctions**: Geopolitical tensions, such as the invasion of Ukraine, can lead to sanctions that affect the use of the US dollar. Russia, for example, has been affected by sanctions that restrict its ability to use dollars. This can prompt other countries to seek alternative currencies for trade and investment.
5. **Economic and Political Shifts**: Changes in global economic power dynamics and political alliances can lead to a decline in the US dollar's dominance. For instance, the rise of emerging economies like China and India has contributed to a shift away from the dollar.

In conclusion, while the US dollar has been the dominant reserve currency for decades, the world is indeed moving towards a more multi-polar currency system. This shift is driven by a combination of economic, political, and geopolitical factors.