What caused BAX's surprising Q1 2024 earnings miss?

Baxter International's (BAX) surprising Q1 2024 earnings miss can be attributed to several key factors:

1. **Financial Performance Issues**:
- Baxter reported a net income of -$510 million for Q4 2024, which is a significant negative figure compared to the previous quarter's performance. This indicates a substantial deterioration in financial health during the period.
- The company's EPS surprise was only 0.06, which suggests that the actual EPS was barely ahead of the expected value. This modest beat on EPS does not account for the overall negative sentiment surrounding the earnings report.

|code|Ticker|Name|Date|Net Income YoY|Net Income|market_code|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|BAX|BAX.N|Baxter International|2024 Q1|-13.333333333333334|3.9E7|169|
|BAX|BAX.N|Baxter International|2024 Q2|-123.74100719424462|-3.11E8|169|
|BAX|BAX.N|Baxter International|2024 Q3|-94.26523297491039|1.44E8|169|
|BAX|BAX.N|Baxter International|2024 Q4|-307.3170731707317|-5.1E8|169|

2. **Revenue Decline and Profitability Concerns**:
- Despite reporting Q4 sales from continuing operations of $2.75 billion, which increased by 1% on a reported basis and 2% on a constant currency basis, the overall revenue fell short of market expectations. This decline, coupled with the unexpected loss, has contributed to the negative surprise.
- Baxter faced challenges in certain segments, such as the BioPharma Solutions Unit, which was excluded from the company's new operating model. This strategic shift may have had an adverse effect on revenue generation during the transition period.
3. **Strategic Changes and One-Time Events**:
- The spin-off of Vantive (Kidney Care Unit) planned for July 2024 may have disrupted normal operations and contributed to the earnings miss. Such corporate restructuring efforts can often lead to temporary inefficiencies and financial impacts.
- The adjusted tax rate of 21.0% for Q4 2023 compared to 14.6% in the prior year period indicates a significant increase driven by statute expirations on certain tax positions. While this is a one-time event, it could have affected the company's net income in the quarter.
4. **Market Conditions and Demand**:
- Despite strong demand for its medical devices as reported in Q4 2023, the market conditions may have changed or not met expectations in Q1 2024, impacting sales and profitability.

In conclusion, Baxter International's Q1 2024 earnings miss is primarily due to a combination of financial performance issues, revenue decline, strategic changes, and one-time events. These factors, either directly or indirectly, have led to a significant negative impact on the company's earnings during the period.