How did UNP's expenses affect net profit in 2023?

Union Pacific's (UNP) net income was $6.38 billion in 2023, with a year-over-year growth rate of -0.09%. The company's operating expenses, research and development expenses, and selling, general, and administrative expenses were $1.87 billion. |code|Ticker|Name|Date|Selling, General, and Administrative Expenses|R&D Expenses|Operating Expenses|market_code| |---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---| |UNP|UNP.N|Union Pacific|2024 Q1|1.817E9|||169| |UNP|UNP.N|Union Pacific|2024 Q2|1.783E9|||169| |UNP|UNP.N|Union Pacific|2024 Q3|1.83E9|||169| |UNP|UNP.N|Union Pacific|2024 Q4|1.867E9|||169| These expenses had a negative impact on net profit, as the net income did not grow significantly despite the high level of expenses. The company's operating income was $2.21 billion, which suggests that a significant portion of the income was consumed by expenses, resulting in a modest net income growth rate. |code|Ticker|Name|Date|Selling, General, and Administrative Expenses|R&D Expenses|Operating Expenses|Net Income|market_code| |---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---| |UNP|UNP.N|Union Pacific|2024 Q1|1.817E9|||1.641E9|169| |UNP|UNP.N|Union Pacific|2024 Q2|1.783E9|||1.673E9|169| |UNP|UNP.N|Union Pacific|2024 Q3|1.83E9|||1.671E9|169| |UNP|UNP.N|Union Pacific|2024 Q4|1.867E9|||1.762E9|169|