Taiwan's population declines as births fall to all-time low

Taiwan's declining birth rate has become a significant concern, impacting its population dynamics and societal structure. The country's fertility rate is among the lowest globally, with births consistently declining over the past decade. This trend is indicative of broader demographic challenges, including an aging population and a shrinking workforce. 1. **Historical Context and Current Challenges**: - Taiwan's birth rate hit a record low in 2024, with approximately 135,000 births, marking the ninth consecutive annual decline. - The country is on track to become a "super-aged society" by 2025, where people aged 65 and older comprise about 20% of the population. - The declining birth rate is a global phenomenon, but Taiwan's low fertility rate of 1.11 children per woman in 2025 makes it particularly vulnerable. 2. **Government Responses**: - The Taiwanese government has recognized the severity of the issue and has begun implementing measures to address it. - Initiatives include increasing subsidies for in vitro fertilization (IVF) to reduce the financial burden on families seeking to expand their households. - Policies aimed at supporting families, such as parental leave and free daycare, have been proposed to make parenting more economically feasible. 3. **Political and Social Factors**: - The declining birth rate has become a political issue, with presidential candidates addressing the concern directly in their campaigns. - Calls for increased support for single women who wish to have children have been made, highlighting the need for inclusive pro-family policies. 4. **Economic Implications**: - A declining birth rate can lead to a shrinking labor force, which could negatively impact economic growth. - The increased burden of supporting an aging population could strain the social welfare system and economic stability. 5. **International Perspective**: - Taiwan's demographic challenges are not unique, as many countries face similar issues due to longer lifespans and delayed marriage. - International best practices, such as those from Japan and France, offer models for effective pro-natal policies. In conclusion, Taiwan's declining birth rate is a critical demographic challenge with far-reaching implications for its society, economy, and national security. The government's efforts to address this issue through various policies and subsidies are commendable, but sustained commitment and innovative approaches will be necessary to reverse the trend.