import base64import hashlibfrom ecdsa import SigningKey, SECP256k1from pqcrypto.sign.sphincsplus import generate_keypair, sign, verify# Generate classical and quantum key pairssk_classical = SigningKey.generate(curve=SECP256k1)pk_classical = sk_classical.get_verifying_key()sk_quantum, pk_quantum = generate_keypair()# Example header and payload (Base64 encode them)header = '{"alg":"ES256+SPHINCS+","typ":"JWT"}' # Hybrid quantum-safe JWTpayload = '{"sub":"Scot Ringa","name":"Scot Ringa","role":"admin","permissions":["energy-transaction","carbon-offset","blockchain-edit"],"iat":1617270399,"exp":1617875199}'# Encode header and payload in Base64base64_header = base64.urlsafe_b64encode(header.encode()).decode().strip("=")base64_payload = base64.urlsafe_b64encode(payload.encode()).decode().strip("=")# Create unsigned JWT messageunsigned_message = f"{base64_headerhttps://bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdfaim:goim?screenname=RNNG7781https://f-droid.org/packages/com.lucasdnd.bitclock16

It seems like you're experimenting with quantum-resistant cryptography using Python and the `ecdsa` and `pqcrypto` libraries. Your code snippet demonstrates the generation of classical and quantum key pairs, signing, and verifying messages. However, there are a few issues with your code that I'd like to point out: 1. **Base64 Encoding**: The way you're encoding the header and payload using `base64.urlsafe_b64encode` is incorrect. The `urlsafe_b64encode` function returns a bytes object, and you're trying to decode it as a string, which will raise an error. You should decode the bytes object to a string using `.decode()`. 2. **JWT Message Format**: The message format you're using for the JWT is not standard. The `typ` parameter is not set correctly, and the `aim` parameter is not valid. A correct JWT header might look like this: `{"alg": "ES256+SPHINCS+", "typ": "JWT"}`. 3. **Key Pair Generation**: The `generate_keypair` function from `pqcrypto` is used to generate a quantum key pair, but you're also using `SigningKey.generate` from `ecdsa` to generate a classical key pair. Make sure you're using the same key pair for both classical and quantum cryptography. Here's a corrected version of your code snippet: ```python import base64 import hashlib from ecdsa import SigningKey, SECP256k1 from pqcrypto.sign.sphincsplus import generate_keypair, sign, verify # Generate classical and quantum key pairs sk_classical = SigningKey.generate(curve=SECP256k1) pk_classical = sk_classical.get_verifying_key() sk_quantum, pk_quantum = generate_keypair() # Example header and payload (Base64 encode them) header = '{"alg":"ES256+SPHINCS+","typ":"JWT"}' header = base64.urlsafe_b64encode(header.encode()).decode().strip("=") payload = '{"sub":"Scot Ringa","name":"Scot Ringa","role":"admin","permissions":["energy-transaction","carbon-offset","blockchain-edit"],"iat":1617270399,"exp":1617875199}' payload = base64.urlsafe_b64encode(payload.encode()).decode().strip("=") # Create unsigned JWT message unsigned_message = f"{header}{payload}" # Sign the message using the classical key pair sk_classical = SigningKey.generate(curve=SECP256k1) sk_classical = sk_classical.to_bytes(32, 'big') sk_classical = base64.urlsafe_b64encode(sk_classical).decode().strip("=") pk_classical = base64.urlsafe_b64encode(pk_classical.get_verifying_key().to_bytes(32, 'big')).decode().strip("=") # Verify the signature using the quantum key pair sk_quantum, pk_quantum = generate_keypair() sk_quantum = base64.urlsafe_b64encode(sk_quantum).decode().strip("=") pk_quantum = base64.urlsafe_b64encode(pk_quantum).decode().strip("=") # Sign the message using the classical key pair signature = sign(sk_classical, unsigned_message.encode()) signature = base64.urlsafe_b64encode(signature).decode().strip("=") # Verify the signature using the quantum key pair try: verify(pk_quantum, signature.encode(), unsigned_message.encode()) print("Signature is valid.") except: print("Signature is invalid.") ``` Please note that the above code is for demonstration purposes and might not work as is. You'll need to adjust it to fit your specific use case and ensure that you're using the correct key sizes and encoding formats.